高度近視眼眼底病理變化與年齡之關係

The Age Difference in Degenerative High Myopias

高國棟(Kwou-Dong Kao) ； 文良彥(Liang-Yen Wen)

《中華民國眼科醫學會會刊》 21卷 (1982/05) Pp. 24-28

https://doi.org/10.30048/ACTASOS.198205.0005

摘要

臨床上取146位近視眼的病人（292隻眼），檢查並分析其眼底的病變，發現視神經盤扭曲(torsion disc)，近視新月體(crescent)，豹紋狀斑(tesselation)，脈絡膜變性(choroidaldeg.)，黃斑部變性(macular deg.)，等各種病變其發生率均隨近視度數及年齡的增加而增加。其中視神經盤扭曲及近視新月體的變化，在年青以及近視度數淺的病人中，常占有相當的比率，相信其並非病理性近視的專屬變化。而豹紋狀斑，脈絡膜或黃斑部的變性等變化，則在近視度數超過8.0D，或年齡大於40歲以上的病人，其比率方有明顯的增加，可視其為病理性近視的專屬變化。視神經盤扭曲，近視新月體及豹紋狀斑等的變化，隨近視度數的增加而有較明顯的增加，可能的機轉為直接受機械力的牽扯而和軸長的關係較密切。而脈絡膜及黃斑部變性，則隨年齡的增加而有較明顯的增加，可能是因為經機械力牽扯後，微血管的滯留而造成的續發性的退行性變化。

並列摘要

In 292 eyes of various degree of myopia, we found that the percentage of manifestation of the pathological changes of the myopia (including torsion disc, crescent body, tesselation, choloidal degeneration, macular degeneration) were increased with age and myopia degree. Among these, the incidences of torsion disc and crescent were high even in young patient with mild myopia. We believed that these might not be specific changes of the degenerative myopia and could be due to stretching by the mechanical force with an increased axial length of the globe. On the other hand, the choroidal degeneration, the macular degeneration greatly increased their incidence when patients were older than 40 years of age or myopia higher than 8 diopters. These changes could be considered as specific changes of degenerative myopia, secondarilly to the stasis of the chorio-capillary and degeneration.

並列關鍵字

degenerative myopia ； torsion disc ； crescent ； tessellation ； choroidal degeneration ； macular degeneration