王心齋安身論今詮

A Modern Interpretation of Wang Hsin Tsai's Theory of "the Settlement of the Body"

岑溢成(Yat-Shing Sham)

《鵝湖學誌》 14期 (1995/06) Pp. 59-82

https://doi.org/10.29653/LS.199506.0004

摘要

王心齋的思想及其開創的泰州學派，在王陽明的後學中至爲特殊。對於王心齋思想的分析，向來都只強調他的自然和樂的特色。但依據這種特色，並不能說明王心齋思想的實質內容，因而沒有辦法說明王心齋的思想何以仍可歸入王學，也沒有辦法說明王心齋如何能夠創立重視社會行動的秦州學風。王心齋的的思想核心，是他的「安身論」，他是在「人我一體」的基礎上，通過「淮南格物說」，把這種理論建立起來的。「人我一體」的思想，是王陽明「一體觀」的一種發展，所以王心齋的思想仍可歸入王學。「安身論」所強調的「身」的行動主體的地位，由此形成泰州學派重視社會行動的趨向。

關鍵字

安身 ； 萬物一體 ； 人我一體 ； 泰州學派 ； 道德的行動者

並列摘要

Wang Hsin Tsai's thought and the Tai Tsou School which he established, was a very special development of Wang Yang Ming's philosophy. The most popular characterization of Wang Hsin Tsai's thought is ”natural” and ”pleasant”. Such a characterization can hardly provide any explanation of the significance of Wang Hsin Tsai's thought and that of its relation to Wang Yang Ming's philosophy and to the style of Tai Tsou School. By analysing the significance of Wang Hsin Tsai's theory of ”the Settlement of the Body”, it will be shown that Wang Hsin Tsai regarded the ”Body” as an acting subject and the ”World” as a world of intersubjectivity. This particular conception of the ”Body” and the ”World” is the outcome of idea of ”The Unity of I and Others”, which is in turn the outcome of the idea of ”The Unity of All Beings”. The idea of ”The Unity of All Beings” is central to Wang Yang Ming's philosophy, therefore we have to admit that Wang Hsin Tsai's thought is a development of Wang Yang Ming's philosophy no matter how special. On the other hand, the conception of the ”Body” as an acting subject pinned down the tendency towards social action of the Tai Tsou School.

並列關鍵字

The Settlement of the Body ； the Unity of All Beings ； the Unity of I and Others ； Tai Tsou School ； Moral Agent

參考文獻

明王艮。王心齋全集。

明王陽明(1972)。王陽明全書。

明耿定向(1970)。耿天臺先生文集。

清黃宗羲(1985)。明儒學案。

牟宗三(1979)。從陸象山到劉蕺山。