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墨學邏輯研究-從數理邏輯的角度分析

A Study of Moist Logic from the Angle of Mathematical Logic

摘要


墨學邏輯被視爲達到了中國古代邏輯思想的「高峰」。它的成就主要在萊爾(G. Ryle)、史特勞遜(P. Strawson)等人所說的「非形式邏輯」(或「日常語言的邏輯」)方面,而不是在形式邏輯方面。至於由形式邏輯發展成的數理邏輯,一般被認爲是哲學分析的主要工具之一。本文嘗試應用數理邏輯把《墨經》中「辯」、「名」、「辭」、「說」等概念進行深入剖析,由此顯示現代數理邏輯對於釐清和疏理《墨經》的思想有很大的助益。

關鍵字

詞項 範式語言 個體常項 個體變項 辭命題 說推理

並列摘要


Moist logic is regarded as ”the peak” of logical studies in Ancient China. Yet the main achievement of Moist logic lies in what analytic philosophers like G. Ryle and P. Strawson would call ”informal logic”, rather than formal logic. Nowadays formal logic has developed into mathematical logic, which is commonly considered as an important technical instrument for analysis. The present paper is a research of Moist logic by employing mathematical logic as the analytical tool. The general theory of argumentation and the specific theories of term, proposition and reasoning in Moist logic are all scrutinized in this paper. showing that modern mathematical logic can be applied as a useful and powerful tool of analysis with respect to the subject concerned.

參考文獻


沈有鼎(1982)。墨經的邏輯學
周山(1988)。中國邏輯史論
梁啟超(1957)。墨子學案
莫紹揆(1980)。數理邏輯初步
馮友蘭(1989)。中國哲學史新編試稿

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