牟宗三與中西哲學的會通

牟宗三教授的學思是以會通中西哲學爲鵠的。本文按其學思的發展分四個階段加以論例：一、從《周易》以反省哲學和科學的關係，並爲中國哲學確立形式系統以包含形上學和道德哲學。二、藉邏輯以反省科學的根據同時措意於邏輯系統的先驗基礎，以期與康德接軌。復闡論知性的邏輯性格，旨在豁醒中國重仁的哲學系統能與西方重智的系統相會通。三、由窮盡認識心之用以反顯道德主體，進而依儒家的內聖學。以解決客觀實踐的民主政治和科學的問題。四、藉康德爲橋樑，先統通並凸顯儒、釋、道對智的直覺之重視，進而通親中西哲學會通之途，以解決哲學的主觀實踐問題。

關鍵字

道德形上學；道德神學；理性主義；光驗主義；主體主義；智思物；智的直覺

並列摘要

The emphasis of Mou's philosophical thought is on bridging the gap between Chinese and Western philosophy. The development of Mou's philosophical thought can be divided into four stages.In his earliest studies, Mou's focus was on examining the relationship between science and philosophy through the study of I-clang. He revealed the importance of metaphysics and moral philosophy as crucial elements in the structure of Chinese philosophy as a whole.Later, through the study of logic, Mou re-examined the foundation of science. At this stage, Mou examined the a priori foundation of the systems of logic to gain a better understanding of Kant's philosophy. Subsequently, he found the possibility of bridging the gap between the Chinese moral philosophy and western epistemology by emphasising the logical character of cognitive mind.Mou then explained the limitation of the function of cognitive mind to highlight the complementary function of moral subjectivity.Finally, Mou illuminated the essence of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism in the light of Kant's philosophy. He related the freedom of will to intellectual intuition which, according to him, is the core of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. As a result, he built the bridge between Chinese philosophy and western philosophy.