地方儒士興學設教的傳統及其意義－以臺灣爲例的詮釋

The Tradition of Establishing Schools and Developing Education by Local Confucian Intellectuals and Its Import: The Taiwan Example

潘朝陽(Chao-Yang Pan)

《鵝湖學誌》 17期 (1996/12) Pp. 1-40

https://doi.org/10.29653/LS.199612.0001

摘要

儒家的存有論，由「創造者少數」建構之後，成爲經典。地方儒士運用宗祠、廟宇、書院等建物和制度，透過教育而將這些存有論經典的智慧，轉化形成一般民眾的文化涵養，遂成爲中國人生活世界中的價值核心－儒教。由於儒教的普及，國家社會方獲致健全穩定的結構內涵。本文以臺灣爲例，說明傳統時代的臺灣，儒士運用家祠、村廟，建置學社或通過宗教活動來興設儒教，以此教化一般民眾，而將臺灣逐漸轉變成中國文化圈的一部分，也成爲穩固臺灣社會的主要文化力量。自從西力東漸，臺灣儒教傳統斷裂表頹，臺灣民眾失落生活價值石陷入文化迷惘、混亂的狀態。本文呼籲當代儒士在高等學府講授儒家存有論之同時，實應下鄉爲一般民眾普施儒教。本文認爲若能如此，可望喚醒並提升臺灣民眾的文化意志與智慧，方能使臺灣長治久安。

關鍵字

儒家 ； 地方儒士 ； 儒家存有論 ； 儒教 ； 文化意志與智慧 ； 臺灣

並列摘要

The existing Confucian ontological doctrine came from the hands of ”the creactive minority” and was later established as the classical works. By using the buildings, rites and institution of clan shrine, temples and schools, and by means of education, local Confucian intellectuals enabled the wisdom of this classics to become the cultural spirit of the people. Because local Confucian intellectuals develop Confucian education in local areas, Confucianism become the most precious nucleus of Chinese Life-world. The widespread nature of Confucianism enabled both nation and society to enjoy an inner quality of soundness and stability.This article will use Taiwan as an example to illustrate the traditional period. Taiwan's Confucian intellectuals made use of clan shrines and village temples for teaching, and disseminated Confucian doctrine through literary & academic activities or religious events, thereby exerting a strong influence on the people and gradually transforming Taiwan into s part of the greater Chinese cultural environment. It was also an major cultural force in bringing stability to Taiwan society.Following the spread and impact of western culture into the orient. Taiwan's Confucian tradition was disrupted and decline set in. Life lost meaning for the people of Taiwan and there place a descent into cultural confusion and chaos This article is plea for contemporary Confucian intellectuals & scholars, while teaching Confucian ontological theory in the nation's higher institutions of learning, to go out and spread Confucian wisdom among the people. It is the contention of this article that only in this manner is there hope of arousing the cultural will and wisdom of the Taiwanese people and of bringing to Taiwan a lasting peace and prosperity.

並列關鍵字

Confucianism ； local Confucian intellectuals ； Confucian ontology ； Confucian education ； cultural will & wisdom ； Taiwan

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王世慶(1994)。清代臺灣社會經濟。

王財貴(1995)。兒童教育讀經手冊。

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