《知言》之版本源流和章節考訂—並論張南軒「《知言》序」與朱子「中和舊說」期間對五峰學之理解

《知言》一書曾被高度評價和流行，但因被朱子、張栻、呂祖謙所質疑而失傳。明程敏政尋得舊本刊印，但把朱子所質疑之部份刪除。程敏政之版本流傳為現在的版本。《四庫全書》另有一版本。但依所見理據，《四庫》版本並不見得早於程敏政版本。本文進而分析南軒之「《知言》序」，論證此序寫於五峰死後第二年之紹興三十二年與隆興二年之間，而序言已在其上。同時，本文分析其內容及南軒與同門之申論，見出南軒對《知言》之理解與接受都有所保留。朱子在為南軒「《知言》序」辯護時亦見出朱子在「中和舊說階段對《知言》之理解與認同的程度。最後本文論定朱子「《知言》疑議」所批評的第一段文獻正是《知言》的第一章第一段，可見五峰確是以「性為天下之大本」、「以心成性」為主要核心義理所在。本文亦簡略依第一章之文獻與其後章節之論述，見出《知言》實有一基本綱領與申論發揮之內部理路。

關鍵字

《知言》；胡五峰；張南軒；｢《知言》序｣；朱子；｢《知言》疑義｣

並列摘要

”Zhijan” had been once highly evaluated and popular but gradually lost due to the criticism by Zhuzi, Zhang Chi and Lü Zuqian. Not until the Ming Dynasty, Cheng Minzheng found and published it again. However, due to his respect of Zhuzi, his edition had those passages doubted by Zhuzi deleted. Cheng's edition remains the most popular one whereas there is another edition in the Sikuquanshu. For the presently available evidence there is no sign that the latter edition is earlier than Cheng's. I then make a detail analysis of the content of Zhang Nanxuan's Preface and proved that it was written around the second to the fourth year after Hu Wufeng's death. It also shows how much Nanxuan understood and accepted the teachings in ”Zhijan”. It also shows how Zhuzi understood and accepted ”Zhijan” when he joined and defended Nanxuan in the latter's responses to the criticisms from other Hu Wufeng's disciples on his Preface. Finally this paper proved that the first paragraph criticized in Zhuzi's ”Doubts on Zhijan” was the first paragraph of ”Zhijan”. It proves that the basic ideas of Hu Wufeng's philosophy are 'Hsing (Nature) is the most basic principle of the Universe' and that 'Hsin (Mind) concretizes Hsing'. The paper then gives a rough sketch of how the first chapter of ”Zhijan” is related to latter chapters to show the basic structure and logic of the whole book.