當代新儒學家牟宗三先生在中國哲學底思維形態上之創闢性的建樹與革新

本文原為2011年8月發表於韓國第31屆「中國學國際學術大會」之論文原稿。為紀念辛亥革命百週年，韓國中國學會特以「中國的傳統與革新」為主題召開學術會議。百年以來中國哲學史上最具創闢性的哲學心靈與功績莫過於當代新儒學家牟宗三先生及其依據中國儒釋道三教的傳統，進而以康德為橋樑會通中西哲學，最終依人類理性自己底呈現而完成的哲學之究極的系統「圓教」以及依人類理性共通的模型而建立的「兩層存有論」此一哲學底原型。本文首先展示康德依思辨的進路，按人類理性底「兩層立法」而思議的「哲學底原型」與「最高善論」；其次展示牟宗三先生按儒釋道三教的傳統，依實踐的實慧而完成的「兩層存有論」與「圓教」；在與中國哲學的層層對照之中，見出康德之通識與洞見，與牟先生如何以康德為橋樑會通中西哲學；進而顯示中、西哲學傳統各自的意義與價值；最後，由牟先生的成就與貢獻，見出中國哲學在此一時代的使命與新生。

關鍵字

牟宗三；圓教；兩層存有論；無限智心；智的直覺；智知；識知；識心之執；物自身；現象；自然；康德；圓善；哲學底原型；兩層立法

並列摘要

This Paper originally is read at the 31th ”International Conference of the Chinese Studies” in Korea. It, for dedicating the anniversary of Chinese republican revolution, held by the Korean Society of Chinese Studies a Conference with a topic in ”tradition and renovation in China in 2011. Since one hundred years, the most original contribution for the Chinese philosophical mind is without doubt that was done by Mou Tsungsan. Mou based himself at first upon the three teachings of the Chinese tradition, i.e. Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, then took Kant's systematic to bridge the philosophy in the East and the West, and ended at last with putting forward an ultimate theory called the ”perfect teaching” and even a prototypical ”two-storey ontology.” In this paper I will show at first the speculative approach by what Kant used to establish his philosophical prototype and Summum bonum with the two-storey legislation of human reason. Secondary I will to reveal a ”two-storey ontology” and a ”perfect teaching” which Mou with insight completed through his study on the practical intelligibility of the Chinese three teachings. In comparing these two philosophical approaches we can conclude to assess the merits of Mou's contribution in bridging the Chinese philosophy with Kant's insight and even these two philosophical traditions. Go forward from here we now can justify their respective significance and value, and even conclude to point out the actual contribution of Mou Tsungsan in comtemporary Chinese so far as to the philosophy as such.

並列關鍵字

Mou Tsungsan ； perfect teaching ； two-storey ontology ； infinite mind ； intellectual intuition ； intellectual knowing ； cognitive knowing ； rigidness of the cognitive mind ； thing in itself ； phenomenon ； nature ； Kant ； summum bonum ； prototype of philosophy ； two-storey legislation