魏晉名教的義涵與歸趣：以王弼、郭象仁義觀為論述核心

近人研究魏晉玄學，多以「儒道會通」為重要論題，本文擬藉著分析魏晉玄學代表人物──王弼、郭象的仁義觀，重新審視魏晉名教的義涵與歸趣。首先，分辨清楚，儒家所言仁義的微言大義，其根據為何？其次，透過文本分析，整理歷來學者之研究成果，重新檢視王弼、郭象所論名教中之仁義內容，比較儒道思想之異同，由此分辨魏晉玄學論述名教的歸趣，藉此可以反省所謂「儒道會通」說法出現的脈絡，及其義理細微的間隙疑竇。全文討論方向有三，一為王弼、郭象論仁義的根據，從義理根源上釐清儒道思想的異同：儒家從普遍性論仁義，道家則從特殊性論仁義；二為透過討論王弼、郭象實踐仁義的方式，從修養工夫重無為自然的一面見其義理形態的差異；三則由王弼、郭象呈現仁義的境界見其自然境界的義理歸趣，指出二人論「名教與自然」的時代意義，並反思以「儒道會通」作為後設研究，探討魏晉玄學內涵仍有值得商榷之處，為研究魏晉玄學提供不同的詮釋面向。

關鍵字

王弼；郭象；仁義；儒道會通；自然與名教

並列摘要

Contemporary studies on Wei-Jin metaphysics are mostly based on the reconciling of Confucianism and Taoism. This paper will revisit the connotation and objective of Confucian ethical code by analysing the magnum opus of Wei-Jin metaphysics - Wang Bi and Guo Xiang's Theory of Renyi. First of all, it is important to be clear about the fundamental principles of Confucianism and its meaning in-between the lines. Second, by analysing important works and previous research, this paper will review Wang Bi and Guo Xiang's thoughts on Renyi in terms of Confucian ethical code, so as to compare the ideology of Confucianism and Taoism, and reflect on the controversies on the details of the reconciling of Confucianism and Taoism. Three major directions will be employed in the discussion of this paper, they include: 1. Clarify the fundamental differences between Confucianism and Taoism based on Wang Bi & Guo Xiang's Theory of Renyi. 2. Identify the variance between Wang Bi and Guo Xiang's thoughts on Renyi, through discussion on their practices of self-cultivation. 3. Indicate the significance of Wang and Guo's studies on Scholasticism and Nature in times by discussing their projections of the ideal state of Renyi theory, which will lead to a reflection whether there is still room for deliberation on the connotation of Wei-Jin metaphysics, hoping to enrich the diversity of Wei-Jin metaphysics study prospective.