A Review of the Earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta) from Taiwan

臺灣產蚯蚓（環節動物門：貧毛綱）之回顧

施習德(Hsi-Te Shih) ； 張學文(Hsueh-Wen Chang) ； 陳俊宏(Jiun-Hong Chen)

《Zoological Studies》 38卷4期 (1999/10) Pp. 435-442

摘要

臺灣蚯蚓的研究自1898年日人Goto和Hatai開始，歷年來的調查範圍僅侷限在宜蘭、臺北、桃竹苗、高雄、屏東等地區，至今共確定有26種的蚯蚓，歸類於9屬之下。其中環毛蚓屬（genus Pheretima）是蚯蚓中種類最多的屬，Sims and Easton（1972）和Easton（1979 1982）將全世界的環毛蚓類細分為10屬：Amynthas遠環蚓屬，Archipheretima古環蚓屬，Begemius畢環蚓屬，Metapheretima間環蚓屬，Metaphire腔環蚓屬，Pheretima環毛蚓屬，Pithemera近環蚓屬，Planapheretima扁環蚓屬，Pleionogaster多胃蚓屬和Polypheretima多環蚓屬，目前臺灣的21種環毛蚓可歸類於其中的4個屬之下。臺灣的26種蚯蚓如下：Drawida japonica（Michaelsen, 1892）日本杜拉蚓，Aporrectodea trapezoides（Dugès, 1828）梯形阿波蚓，Bimastus parvus（Eisen, 1874）微小雙胸蚓，Perionyx excavatus（Perrier, 1872）掘穴環爪蚓，Amynthas aspergillum（Perrier, 1872）參狀遠環蚓，Am. candidus（Goto and Hatai, 1898）光澤遠環蚓，Am. corticus（Kinberg, 1867）皮質遠環蚓，Am. formosae（Michaelsen, 1922）臺灣遠環蚓，Am. gracilis（Kinberg, 1867）纖細遠環蚓，Am. hsinpuensis（Kuo, 1995）新埔遠環蚓，Am. hupeiensis（Michaelsen, 1895）湖北遠環蚓，Am. incongruus（Chen, 1933）參差遠環蚓，Am. minimus（Horst, 1893）微小遠環蚓，Am. morrisi（Beddard, 1892）牟氏遠環蚓，Am. omeimontis polyglandularis（Tsai, 1964）多腺峨嵋遠環蚓，Am. papulosos（Rosa, 1896）丘疹遠環蚓，Am. roubstus（Perrier, 1872）壯偉遠環蚓，Am. swanus（Tsai, 1964）絲婉遠環蚓，Am. taipeiensis（Tsai, 1964）臺北遠環蚓，Am. yuhsi（Tsai, 1964）友燮遠環蚓，Polypheretima elongata（Perrier, 1872）長形多環蚓，Metaphire californica（Kinberg, 1867）加州腔環蚓，M. posthuma（Vaillant, 1869）土後腔環蚓，M. schmardae schmardae（Horst, 1883）舒氏腔環蚓，Pithemera bicincta （Perrier, 1875）雙帶近環蚓和Dichogaster bolaui（Michaelsen, 1891）包氏重胃蚓。其中產於臺灣的模式標本有9種，然而僅有3種的模式標本保留下來，其餘均不存在。另外Amynthas asiaticus Michaelsen, 1900亞洲遠環蚓由於缺乏正式的分類描述，有鑑定錯誤的可能，因此暫不列入臺灣的種類。本報告整理歷年來研究臺灣蚯蚓自然史的完整文獻，列出發表過的種類以及採集地，並依照目前的分類系統給予適當的分類地位，另外對歷來文獻中的錯誤之處也加以討論。

關鍵字

環毛蚓 ； 分類

並列摘要

The study of earthworms of Taiwan began with the Japanese scholars Goto and Hatai (1898). The collecting sites from available publications are limited to Ilan, Taipei, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Miaoli, Kaohsiung, and Pingtung. A total of 26 species belonging to 9 genera are recorded in Taiwan: Drawida japonica (Michaelsen, 1892), Aporrectodea trapezoides (Dugès, 1828), Bimastus parvus (Eisen, 1874), Perionyx excavatus Perrier, 1872, Amynthas aspergillum (Perrier, 1872), Am. candidus (Goto and Hatai, 1898), Am. corticus (Kinberg, 1867), Am. formosae (Michaelsen, 1922), Am. gracilis (Kinberg, 1867), Am. hsinpuensis (Kuo, 1995), Am. hupeiensis (Michaelsen, 1895), Am. incongruus (Chen, 1933), Am. minimus (Horst, 1893), Am. morrisi (Beddard, 1892), Am. omeimontis polyglandularis (Tsai, 1964), Am. papulosus (Rosa, 1896), Am. robustus (Perrier, 1872), Am. swanus (Tsai, 1964), Am. taipeiensis (Tsai, 1964), Am. yuhsi (Tsai, 1964), Polypheretima elongata (Perrier, 1872), Metaphire californica (Kinberg, 1867), M. posthuma (Vaillant, 1869), M. schmardae schmardae (Horst, 1883), Pithemera bicincta (Perrier, 1875), and Dichogaster bolaui (Michaelsen, 1891). Among these species, 9 species were published as new species from Taiwan. Three holotype specimens can be found in the museums, but the rest can not be located. One species, Amynthas asiaticus Michaelsen, 1900 was not included in the list because it appeared in non-taxonomic references with no description. The present paper reviews the studies on Taiwanese earthworms, and lists species published from Taiwan according to current classification and their collecting sites. Some mistakes in the literature about Taiwanese earthworms are also discussed.

並列關鍵字

Pheretima ； Taxonomy