On the Origin of the Causative Use of bun^1 in Hakka: Evidence from the Basel Mission Texts

論客語「分」致使用法的來源：巴色會文獻所提供之證據

葉瑞娟(Juichuan Yeh)

《Concentric： Studies in Linguistics》 43卷2期 (2017/11) Pp. 29-62

https://doi.org/10.6241/concentric.ling.43.2.02

摘要

Based on Hakka texts of the Basel Mission Society (late 19^(th) and early 20^(th) centuries), this paper examines the origin of the causative use of bun^1, a general-purpose verb of giving. It is generally held that bun^1 illustrates a case of polygrammaticalization (e.g., Lai 2001, Chiang 2006). Crucial to this account is the existence of the bun^1+IO+DO pattern (the Type A construction). A closer scrutiny of the texts, however, shows that the Type A construction was not found. Since only the bun^1+DO+IO pattern (the Type B construction) was attested and the causative use of bun^1 in the Basel Mission texts is not uncommon, we suggest that the causative use is a further development from the purposive use of bun^1. Due to differences in information status of the two events, the causing event is backgrounded and the caused event foregrounded, leading to the emergence of a new mono-clausal causative construction.

關鍵字

Hakka ； verb of giving ； purposive ； causative ； Basel Mission texts

並列摘要

根據巴色會於19 世紀末、20 世紀初出版的客語文獻紀錄，本文考察客語給予動詞「分」的致使用法之來源和演變。既有文獻中一般主張「分」呈現多向語法化的現象（如Lai 2001，Chiang 2006），然而巴色會的語料顯示當時「分」的雙賓結構只有「分+直接賓語+間接賓語」（雙賓B 式）的類型，而無「分+間接賓語+直接賓語」（雙賓A 式）的類型，但「分」的致使用法卻非常普遍，因此本文主張「分」的致使用法並非直接由雙賓A 式的「分」的動詞用法而來，而是「分」的表目的標記用法進一步演變的結果，由於新舊訊息的配置和事件的前景化和背景化，導致新結構的產生，造成表面上語序的差異。

並列關鍵字

客語 ； 給予動詞 ； 目的式 ； 致使式 ； 巴色會文獻

參考文獻

Chang, Lili(2005)。Cong shiyi dao zhishi。Taida Wenshizhe Xuebao。62，119-152。

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Chappell, Hilary,Lamarre, Christine(2005).A Grammar and Lexicon of Hakka Historical Materials from the Basel Mission Library.Paris:Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Centre de Recherches Linguistiques sur l'Asie Orientale.

Cheng, Ying,Hsieh, Chih-Chuan(2011).The causative bun and the verb-complement construction in Taiwanese Hakka.Diversity of Languages: Papers in Honor of Professor Feng-fu Tsao on the Occasion of his Retirement.(Diversity of Languages: Papers in Honor of Professor Feng-fu Tsao on the Occasion of his Retirement).:

Chiang, Min-hua(2006).Grammatical characteristics of tung and bun in Dongshi Hakka and the relatedness of the two markers.Language and Linguistics.7(2),339-364.