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張嗣成《道德真經章句訓頌》詮解的義理向度

The Analytical Approach of Zhang Sicheng's "Daode Zhenjing Zhangju Xunsong"

摘要


張嗣成,元朝著名的龍虎山正一道天師,元成宗四年(西元1316年)受封「正一教主」,襲領江南道教,主領三山符籙,在道教發展史上具有重要的歷史地位。元朝時期,一方面因為新儒家心性學說的成熟與漫衍,另一方面復因道教內丹學性命理論開展的要求之故,遂使道教人物在疏解《老子》時,熱衷於將「性命(心性)」這一重大命題與老子思想綰合,並進一步將「性命(心性)」理論與「精」、「氣」、「神」的修煉加以繫連。然而,《老子》五千言中不言「性」,言「心」、「命」僅有數處,言「精」、「氣」、「神」也僅數處,張嗣成如何透過詮解《老子》建構「性」、「命」、「心」的思想內涵,並闡發「精」、「氣」、「神」的養煉工夫,是值得深入釐析的議題。此文的研究成果對於道教老子學與理學發展史等方面的研究者,或能提供正面的助益。

並列摘要


Zhang Sicheng, the thirty-ninth Celestial Master who led both the Jiangnan Taoism and the sanshan fulu, played an essential role on the history of Yuan Taoism. In the Yuan dynasty, the Neo-Confucianism had been matured and widely spread. To promote the theories of the nature-life in the Neidan studies of the Taoism, Taoists were inclined to integrate the mind-nature, an essential topic, into the interpretations when annotating Lao-ze. However, throughout the Lao-ze, "nature" is not even mentioned; likewise, "mind" and "life" appeared only few times. How did Zhang Sicheng develope the mind-nature theory in his Daode Zhenjing Zhangju Xunsong? This essay aims to explore this topic in three stages. Firstly, dimensions of the meaning of "nature-life" are interpreted and explained through "Li Qi." In addition, the development and promotion of "mind" is examined. Lastly, the self-cultivation as a path to pursue the truth is discussed. Scholars studying Lao-ze studies, Neo-Confucianism, Neidan studies of Taoism and the concept of "merging Neo-Confucianism in Lao-ze" may find the results of this essay helpful and beneficial.

參考文獻


黃俊傑 HUANG, CHUN-CHIEH:〈從儒家經典詮釋史觀點論解經者的「歷史性」及其相關問題〉The “Historicity” of the Interpreters and Its Related Problems Exhibited in the History of Confucian Hermeneutics ,《臺大歷史學報》Historical Inquiry 第 24 期(1999 年 12 月),頁 1-28。DOI:10.6253/ntuhistory.1999.24.01
劉怡君 LIU, YI-JUN:〈吳澄《道德真經註》「心性論」探微──以理學詮解《老子》的義理向度〉“WU, CHENG Daode Zhen Jing Zhu Xinxxing Lun Tanwei-Yi Li Xue Quanjie Laozi De Yili Xiangdu”,《國文學報》Bulletin of Chinese 第 56 期(2014 年 12 月),頁 35-65。DOI:10.6239/BOC.201412.02
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