生物技術在食品工業上之應用

Biotechnology in Food Industry

徐泰浩(Tai-Hao Hsu) ； 曾耀銘(Yew-Min Tzeng)

《大葉學報》 1卷1期 (1992/12) Pp. 1-17

https://doi.org/10.7119/JDYU.199212.0001

摘要

生物技術是以生物、化學、工程為基礎所發展出之多學門整合性科技，其應用範圍涵蓋食品、醫藥、化工、能源、環保、農業、電子及其它。從歷史的角度而言，其發韌於食品工業中之釀造與醱酵技術，例如酒、醋之釀造、乳酪、醬油、麵包之製造等，基本上是利用微生物來改變食物的質地與風味兼具延長其貯存之特性。自1970年代以後分子生物學發展迅速，在遺傳工程技術之衝擊下，生物技術開始有了新的內涵與意義。經由科際整合，凡是有關於微生物、細胞或生物分子其生物機能之產業開發與利用，均為生物技術之範疇。在二十一世紀其應用將與人類的生活息息相關，並將對人類生活型態發生重大影響。目前政府已將其定位為未來十年國家政策發展中的十大新興產業八大關鍵技術之一，在公元2000年其在農業與食品加工產品之世界市場產值保守估計可達95億美元。本文分別就（1）遺傳工程技術（2）免疫分析技術（3）核酸探針技術性（4）細胞工程技術（5）蛋白質工程技術（6）酵素技術（7）醱酵技術等，在食品工業上之應用綜合論述，並展望其未來發展之潛力。

關鍵字

生物技術 ； 食品工業 ； 應用 ； 遺傳工程 ； 免疫分析 ； 核酸探針 ； 細胞工程 ； 蛋白質工程 ； 酵素技術 ； 醱酵技術 ； 生物反應器 ； 生物感測器

並列摘要

Biotechnology in Food Industry Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary subject, which is firmly rooted on a foundation integrated of biology, chemistry, and engineering. The versatile biotechnology applications are now including the following areas: food, medicine, chemical, energy, environmental, agriculture, electronics, and others etc. From a historical point of view, biotechnology was originated from the traditional microbial fermentation technology for the manufacturing of fermented food, for example, wine, vinegar, cheese, soy sauce, and bread. Usually, the fermented food has an improved quality and taste, and even longer shelf life. From the year 1970 on, the fast developing knowledge in molecular biology and genetic engineering has given quite new insights to biotechnology. Until recently, biotechnology is a word indicating bio-industry which is utilizing microbes, cells, and/or biomolecules in the product manufacturing processes. In the coming 21 century, the potential applications of biotechnology will have very close relation to human life; and thus, cause a quite impact to human beings. The ROC government has strategically given the priority to further develop biotechnology in the coming ten years. By the year 2000, the world market price of biotechnology in agriculture and food will exceed 9.5 billion US dollars. This article is mainly dealing with the applications in food industry of the following technologies: (1) genetic engineering, (2) immunoassay technology, (3) nucleic acid probe technology, (4) cell engineering, (5) protein engineering, (6) enzyme technology, (7) fermentation technology; and also forecast the potential of the future developments.

並列關鍵字

biotechnology ； food industry ； application ； genetic engineering ； immunoassay ； nucleic acid probe ； cell engineering ； protein engineering ； enzymetechnology ； fermentation technology ； bioreactor ； biosensor