應用GIS技術於野生動物物種多樣性空間分布型態之研究

Study on the Application of GIS Techniques in the Geographical Pattern of Wildlife Species Diversity

林金樹(Chinsu Lin)

《航測及遙測學刊》 9卷1期 (2004/03) Pp. 77-94

https://doi.org/10.6574/JPRS.2004.9(1).6

摘要

森林保護與資源保育為當代森林生態系經營的主要目標，建立適當且合理使用森林資源的林地分區體系更是達成森林資源永續經營的重要基礎。野生動物資源的分佈是規劃資源保育區時必須考量的重要因子之一，由於複雜的森林環境之限制，調查者很難掌握存在於森林內的野生動物每一物種的個體數量，也難以利用Shannon與Simpson等多樣性指標分析野生動物的生物多樣性及其在空間上之分佈。本研究利用物種多樣性(species diversity)為生物多樣性指標的量化基礎，並發展出EPD與EPH指標表現物種多樣性，以空間統計方法繪製生物多樣性的空間分佈圖，探討嘉義地區兩棲類、爬蟲類、鳥類以及哺乳類等脊椎類野生動物物種多樣性的空間分布型態，研究結果可供比較林區生物多樣性的空間特徵，並作為林地分級規劃林地使用分區之參考。研究結果顯示，EPH指標與物種多樣性的意義是一致的。

關鍵字

物種多樣性 ； 多樣性製圖 ； 脊推動物 ； 空間統計法 ； 地理資訊系統

並列摘要

Forest protection and resources conservation are the major goals of modern forest ecosystem management (FEM). In order to promote the sustainable FEM, a suitable mechanism for forestland classification and a map of wildlife resources would be the important basis for delineating the boundary of resources conservation. Unfortunately, the complicated native environment makes the surveying of all the individuals wildlife not feasible. The quantitative index of both Shannon's and Simpson's diversity are hence not available for depicting the spatially variation of wildlife biodiversity. This study applied the species diversity as the basis of biodiversity quantification and developed EPD and EPH indices for representing the wildlife's diversity. We then use the geostatistical technique to derive the spatial distribution of species diversity of the amphibians, reptilians, birds, and mammals wildlife. The geographical pattern of diversity indices of those vertebrate wildlife is also explored and the biodiversity map could then be applied for regionalizing the forestland for sustainable FEM. Results demonstrates that EPH is an identifiable index of species diversity.

並列關鍵字

Species diversity ； biodiversity mapping ； vertebrate wildlife ； geostatistics ； GIS