地球同步衛星海面溫度的日變化

The Diurnal Variation of Sea Surface Temperature Bias of Geostationary Satellite

劉倬騰(Cho-Teng Liu) ； 粘慶熙(Ching-Hsi Nan) ； 陳建銘(Cheng-Ming Chen)

《航測及遙測學刊》 11卷3期 (2006/09) Pp. 237-247

https://doi.org/10.6574/JPRS.2006.11(3).1

摘要

With the number of ocean stations is far less than 100, most of sea surface temperature (SST) data of ocean interior come from satellites. Polar orbiting meteorological satellites like NOAA satellites of USA and Fengyun-1 satellites of China, can view any place of the Earth's surface for at least twice per day if it is cloud free. Geostationary satellites like GOES, GMS and Fengyun-2 monitor most Earth's surface hourly, or any time at our command. Compared to SST that is observed by many surface buoys, the SST derived from GOES satellites has root mean square difference (RMSD) about 1K, slightly inferior to the 0.7K of SST from NOAA satellites. After stringent filtering to remove spikes and potentially contaminated data, the RMSD of GOES SST may also be improved to 0.7K. The remaining errors are from the skin effect that is controlled by the surface wind speed W and insolation Q. The wind induced error in SST is up to 1.2K when W＜2 m/s. QuikScat data show that the fraction of sea surface where W＜2m/s is of the order of 1%. Skin effect for W＞2m/s gradually approaches to a constant and it is accounted for in the regression equation that converts satellite-measured radiation into SST. Our study shows that Q-induced SST error in the low latitude is up to 0.6K. This error makes many researchers using nighttime GOES SST only. The GOES SST error may be reduced if the location-dependent bias and the diurnal variation of 0.3K are included in correcting GOES SST. These corrections will greatly enhance the usefulness of daytime GOES SST.

關鍵字

海面溫度 ； 地球同步衛星 ； 皮層效應 ； 日照 ； TAO/Triton

並列摘要

With the number of ocean stations is far less than 100, most of sea surface temperature (SST) data of ocean interior come from satellites. Polar orbiting meteorological satellites like NOAA satellites of USA and Fengyun-1 satellites of China, can view any place of the Earth's surface for at least twice per day if it is cloud free. Geostationary satellites like GOES, GMS and Fengyun-2 monitor most Earth's surface hourly, or any time at our command. Compared to SST that is observed by many surface buoys, the SST derived from GOES satellites has root mean square difference (RMSD) about 1K, slightly inferior to the 0.7K of SST from NOAA satellites. After stringent filtering to remove spikes and potentially contaminated data, the RMSD of GOES SST may also be improved to 0.7K. The remaining errors are from the skin effect that is controlled by the surface wind speed W and insolation Q. The wind induced error in SST is up to 1.2K when W＜2 m/s. QuikScat data show that the fraction of sea surface where W＜2m/s is of the order of 1%. Skin effect for W＞2m/s gradually approaches to a constant and it is accounted for in the regression equation that converts satellite-measured radiation into SST. Our study shows that Q-induced SST error in the low latitude is up to 0.6K. This error makes many researchers using nighttime GOES SST only. The GOES SST error may be reduced if the location-dependent bias and the diurnal variation of 0.3K are included in correcting GOES SST. These corrections will greatly enhance the usefulness of daytime GOES SST.

並列關鍵字

sea surface temperature ； geostationary satellite ； skin temperature correction ； insolation ； TAO/Triton