無人飛航載具監測環境污染之功能

Monitoring of Environmental Pollutants by Using Unmanned Aerial Systems

賈澤民(Jir-Ming Char)

《航測及遙測學刊》 21卷3期 (2016/11) Pp. 163-182

https://doi.org/10.6574/JPRS.2016.21(3).3

摘要

本文係探討利用無人航行載具作為環境污染監測之新技術，環境污染範圍可包含空污及水污等，空污者計有臭氧、二氧化氮、PM2.5懸浮微粒及非甲烷碳氫化合物(NMHC)等；水污者則包括廢水偷排放引起水質的物理、化學或生物特性的變化等。其中無人飛航載具攜帶空氣污染物偵測分析儀器之搭載平台，曾對高雄市大林蒲地區上空之空氣品質變化進行立體即時之量測。無人飛航載具全機採碳纖維複合材料製作，並採模組化設計以達到輕量化、高強度之特性；另搭載GPS自動導航系統與射頻數據傳輸模組，能將偵測數據即時結合環境地圖，以顯示現地之污染物即時濃度變化。由於無人飛航載具於空中高速飛行時會因靜壓降低而造成採樣儀器無法有效採樣，故須設計一空氣膨脹室將機外氣流減速並升壓，以提供採樣儀器理想之氣流狀態。除此之外，為排除碳纖機身材質對無線電波造成之遮蔽效應，亦對無線傳輸天線進行模擬與最佳化設計以增進傳輸效能，其所採行技術在國內外皆屬新創。另在水污染偵測管制方面，可用飛翼船搭配氣體偵測及水質採樣等儀器對重大污染水域定期長時間偵察，所開發之飛翼船係結合飛機與船舶之整體設計並採用複材之特殊結構，能於水面及近水面上空高速航行並進行採樣與觀測水污染等任務。這些無人航具所偵獲之立體即時污染數據再結合雲端資料庫，將來可運用在政府或業界處理環境監控相關之管制作為與緊急應變任務。

關鍵字

無人飛航載具 ； 飛翼船 ； 空氣品質監測 ； 水污染

並列摘要

The objective of the present research is using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System (UAVS) to probe the spatial and time variations of the pollutants in the air and water realm. In the air portion is to evaluate the performance of O_3, NO_2 and NMHC measurements using UAVs in Kaohsiung city. In the water portion, the pollutants discharged from factory waster water will be discussed. In this paper, a high-performance, long-endurance UAV system is developed to provide a platform for three-dimensional pollution measurement and monitoring requirements. The system includes carbon fiber composite airframe, GPS navigation, autopilot, RF data transmission and integrated air pollution sensing systems. The efficiency of each system are optimized and verified through numerical simulation or experiments, and interfaces between UAV and air pollution sensing systems are also considered to provide ideal air flow to the sensor under the extreme conditions at high altitude and high speed. Therefore, the UAV system can display air pollution measurement changes in real time and combine these results with GPS and geography data to monitor air quality in three dimension space. The air sensing results are compared with data from ground monitoring site. The result shows that the UAV system can offer real-time, 3-dimensional, and large area measuring results, which can obtain useful data for the government, industry, and research units. Also, when the water in our rivers, lakes, and oceans becomes polluted, the effects will be far reaching. It can endanger wildlife, make our drinking water unsafe. No doubt we need a more reliable tool to monitor the polluting water. Therefore a platform composed of the technologies of: Wing-In-Ground craft, the water-detecting sensors, the IT skill, and the cloud-computing service were bundled for this purpose . This platform can execute smart 3D UAV-based detecting technology of water pollution, and would be useful to make the coastal and river basin management more efficient.

並列關鍵字

UAV ； WIG craft ； air quality monitoring ； water pollution