晚清帝國的臺北社會：論“社會與國家”關係下的秩序運作

Taipei Society in Late Imperial China: The Practical Order between the Society and the State

蘇碩斌(Shuo-Bin Su)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 58期 (2005/06) Pp. 33-84

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.200506.0002

摘要

有關清代臺北市街發展史的豐富研究成果，似乎隱含兩種治史策略：一個是著重時序史實的「四時期發展論」；另一個則是著重國家統治效果的「兩階段建設論」。這兩個策略的交錯，使既存的臺北市街史乃在1875年出現分期，前期偏重墾戶、商業、郊行、家族等議題，後期偏重設府、築城、物質建設等議題。這固使都市發展歷程清晰地建構，但卻忽略「國家與社會」並非二元對立、而是分離又結合的特殊關係。本文重新檢視各個發展時期的臺北市街秩序形成，認為清末臺北存在著串連國家和社會的中介階層，而以紳商（而非頭人）作為承載者，在聯庄庄約、行郊郊規、築城合作等過程上，都可見到國家力量與社會力量的互動運作。在理論的意義上，將對「市民社會」作為解釋清末中國城市發生質疑，而較接近以地域社會概念作為分析工具。

關鍵字

市民社會 ； 士紳 ； 郊 ； 地域社會 ； 臺北 ； 第三領域

並列摘要

Taiwan historians had made brilliant contributions about the city history of Taipei in Qing dynasty. But those researches seemed to stem from two kinds of strategies: (1) a linear pattern that put emphasis on the chronological facts, (2) a two-stages patterns that put emphasis on the appearance of the aggressive role of the state. The two strategies had been combined as an epistemological dichotomy between ”the state” and ”the society”. This paper is to explore how the practical order of the city be managed by the mediate-stratum (the gentries instead of the heads), and to inspire the disjunctive but also conjunctive relation between the state and the society. Also, some theories with sociological meanings are reviewed, especially the concept of ”civil society” and the concept of ”local society”.

並列關鍵字

civil society ； gently ； guild ； local society ； Taipei third realm

參考文獻

Allee, Mark A.(1994).Law and Local Society in Late Imperial China: Northern Taizuan in the Nineteenth Century.Stanford:Stanford University Press.

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