空間規劃和論述的政治：對珠江三角洲城市化戰略的反思

本研究是對珠江三角洲城市化戰略的政治經濟學分析。過去二十年，在改革開放上先走一步的珠江三角洲經歷快速的農村工業化過程，成為中國最重要的製造業中心。珠三角以鄉鎮為核心、分散發展的積累模式，雖然生機蓬勃，却也造成劳勞動條件惡劣、環境恶化等問题。在1990年代後期，珠三角的積累模式漸露疲態。面對日漸激烈的區域競争，珠三角提出了21世紀的城市化戰略，以加快城市化為突破口，意圖改善投資環境，尋求區域的升級和再發展。從2000年開始，廣東省出臺了一系城市化的政策，積極促進珠三角的區域整合，並且推動農村土地制度和股份制的改革以支援城市化戰略。本文首先分析1990年代末開始現代化和城市化論述的轉向。接著仔细解讀珠三角的城市化戰略，分析其政策制定和執行的過程，揭露這些空間規劃和區域整合的意識形態和政治作用。最後，本文指出珠三角新的城鄉矛盾其實是本地居民和外来人口的矛盾，而非本地農業部門和工業部門的矛盾。而將上千萬外来人口排除在外的各種規劃和政策，又如何能成熾帶區域轉型的藥方？

關鍵字

城市化；現代化；珠江三角洲珠三角；廣東；規劃；區域；政治

並列摘要

This paper is a political economic analysis of the Pearl River Delta's urbanization strategy for the 21st Century. The PRD, as the frontier of China's opening and reforms, has experienced rapid rural industrialization in the past two decades. The decentralized development of towns and villages in the PRD, although full of dynamism, also creates serious social and economic problems. The development model of the PRD has been challenged in increasingly fierce regional competition since the mid-1990s. Entering into the new millennium, the PRD has proposed an urbanization strategy to improve the investment environment and promote regional redevelopment. The Guangdong Provincial government has been aggressive in forging pro-urbanization policies, enhancing regional integration, and promoting reforms of the land system and rural collectives to facilitate urbanization. This paper begins by pointing out certain crucial changes in the discourse of modernization and urbanization in China. Through a political economic analysis of the PRD's urbanization policies and its decision-making and implementation process, this paper goes on to demonstrate the political and ideological function of spatial planning and regional integration in the PRD and beyond. Finally, this paper questions the conceptualization of these spatial strategies: strategies which from the very start exclude from consideration the millions of migrant workers, or 'floating populations' inhabiting the region.