白樂晴的「超克『分斷體制』」論參照兩韓思想兩岸

本文為2008年台社二十週年會議超克分斷體制組的六篇文章之一，應與其他文章一同閱讀；本文受到的分工在通過白樂晴在兩韓脈絡中發展出來的超克分斷體制論為參照，思考兩岸問題。本文首先根據白樂晴的英文著作及中文翻譯中，追蹤與耙梳他在1970年代提出民族文學論如何與第三世界的問題意識相結合，到了1980年代因參與民眾運動與回應馬克思主義的挑戰，逐步形成分斷體制的分析概念，一直到90年代將分斷體制上升到理論建構。以兩韓經驗為基礎，本文進入兩岸問題思想層次的討論，從相互參照中揭示超克分斷體制的困境與契機，主要核心論點在於，兩岸要能走向和解，必須超脫民族主義的史觀，放在世界史與區域史的視野，才能解釋帝國主義與殖民主義的動力如何在歷史進程中造成今天對峙的格局。因此，超克分斷體制必須發展成長期的知識計畫，一方面對分斷體制本身的歷史形構進行研究，一方面重建史觀，才能打開既有對於統獨問題窄化的認識。

關鍵字

白樂晴；分斷體制；超克；民族文學；第三世界；兩韓；兩岸關係

並列摘要

The essay is an integral part of the six papers presented by the ”Overcoming 'division system'” group in the 20th Anniversary Conference of the Taiwan: A Radical Quarterly in Social Studies, and therefore should be read along the side of other essays. This specific essay aims at approaching the problematic of Taiwan and Mainland China relation by inter-referencing the experiences of the two Koreas, as articulated in Paik Nak-chung's theory of overcoming division system. It traces, in his English writing and translations in Chinese, the background in the 1970s for the proposal of a distinctive project of ”national literature” and its relation to the Third world; in the 1980s, in his engagement in the People's Movement and responses to the Marxist challenge, Paik began to develop the concept of ”division system”, and then more systematically theorize it in the 1990s. On the basis of Paik's theory, the essay moves on to unpack the conditions of the Taiwan-mainland relations with reference to the experiences of the two Koreas. It argues that, to move towards reconciliation, we will need to develop a historical worldview, which will overcome the self-centered nationalist historiography on both sides; by bringing global and regional history to the center of analysis, the dynamic history of imperialism and colonialism will be able to offer explanation on the formation of the division itself. Therefore, overcoming the division system needs to be understood as a long term intellectual-political project, to study the historical formation of the division system, on the one hand, and to reconstruct historiography so that the narrowing tendency of existing ways to understand the unification or independence can be overcome.