台灣經濟奇蹟的中國背景超克分斷體制經濟史的盲點

The China Factor in Taiwan's Economic Miracle

瞿宛文(Wan-Wen Chu)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 74期 (2009/06) Pp. 49-93

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.200906.0002

摘要

對於如何解釋台灣戰後經濟發展的優異成績，台灣內部仍是眾說紛紜，且甚至成為藍綠派別性對立的一部份。台灣在解嚴以來所形成的主流論述，大致是將成長歸功於或是日本殖民統治、或是美國的協助、或是人民的努力，而國民黨只是為一己之私致力於建立壟斷性黨國資本共生體，無功於經濟發展。本文認為落後國家要能夠成功的發展經濟，必須要同時具備抵拒外力以發展民族經濟的意志、能力與外在條件。上述主流論述只強調美日因素等外在必要條件，而忽略了另一重要條件—即發展的意志。本文也探究了戰後早期台灣經建事務主要推動者的背景與言行，認為應將他們視為是承繼中國救亡圖存使命的知識分子，「以實業救國的儒官」，與今日通稱的財經官僚實有所不同。台灣戰後推動發展的意志與動力，實源自中國百多年來面對西方挑戰及日本侵略、為了救亡圖存而形構成的現代中華民族主義。今日台灣各陣營都切斷了歷史，因而難以建立現實有效的主體意識，缺乏有效可行的經濟發展論述，遑論發展的意志。我們必須從歷史的聯繫瞭解過去及現在，才能重新建立台灣經濟共同體的主體意識，找到台灣經濟再出發的可能。

關鍵字

台灣經濟發展 ； 中國背景 ； 分斷體制 ； 中華民族主義

並列摘要

There is no doubt that Taiwan's post war economic record has been phenomenal. However, the question of how to explain its growth has been a controversial topic in Taiwan, often mired in partisan politics. The dominant discourse in the last two decades contributes Taiwan’s economic miracle to either the Japanese colonial legacy, or the American intervention, or the diligence of the populace, but not to the effort of the ruling Nationalist government. The ruling KMT party was instead accused of building up its oligarchical party-state capitalism for its own purposes. This paper shows that this discourse cannot explain the growth record. The afore-mentioned explanatory factors are necessary but not sufficient conditions for development. Developing economies need to have strong active forces to promote development, usually motivated by nationalism to fend off foreign economic dominance. Taiwan's post war development was promoted by the Nationalist government, and its motivation came from the Chinese nationalism forged during the century-long Chinese struggle against foreign imperialism since the Opium War. It is necessary to look at the issue from a historical perspective, so as to understand the past and the present, and to find direction for future development.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan's economic development ； China factor ； division system ； Chinese nationalism

參考文獻

尹仲容(1952)。發展本省紡織工業問題的檢討。《紡織界》週刊。2

尹仲容()。

尹仲容()。

尹仲容(1963)。《我對台灣經濟看法三編》之序。台北:

王作榮(1964)。尹仲容先生在經濟方面的想法和作法。白由中國之工業。21(1)，1-9。