台北市人行空間治理與徒步移動性

徒步不僅是憑靠身體的移動，也是社會關係與文化規範的操作場域，更是現代都市治理課題，涉及技術、知識／權力和主體化。本文回顧戰後台北市的人行空間治理，歸結出三股於不同時期出現、但彼此重疊複合的趨勢：（1）以效率和秩序為主導理念，規訓身體動作的機動城市之控制；（2）以商業和休閒為主導理念，教化身體感知的消費城市之體驗；（3）以安全和權利為主導理念，釋放身體能力的市民城市之正義。機動城市、消費城市和市民城市等三種都市意義的形構，正是人行空間治理與徒步移動性轉變的結構動力。這三股治理趨勢和都市意義底下，則有邁向文明化和現代化的共同主題，但以不同型態的安全裝置為核心，呈現了從管理主義城市到企業主義城市，以及從威權式治理到消費者—效能導向治理，乃至於反身自控式治理的轉折，交織成為控制、體驗和正義的變奏曲。最後，著眼於行走空間及經驗的區域差異與社會差異，本文重申徒步移動性的政治和倫理意涵。

關鍵字

移動；步行；人行空間；都市治理；治理術；台北

並列摘要

Walking is a field of social relation and cultural regulation as well as an issue of modern urban governance which involves various technologies, knowledge/power complex and subjectification. There are three trends of governance of pedestrian spaces historically emerged in different periods but overlapped with each other in postwar Taipei City: (1)the controlling of automobile city and disciplining of body movement with efficiency and order as dominant ideas and technologies; (2)the civilizing of perception and pleasurable experience in a consumer city with commercial interest and leisure as dominant technologies; (3)taking safety and rights as dominant concepts to justify the a city for citizens and releasing pedestrians' bodily capability. The formative processes of automobile city, consumer city and citizen city are the structural drives towards transformation of the governance of pedestrian space and walking mobility in Taipei City. Under these three modes of governance of pedestrian space, there is the tendency of civilization/modernization that focuses on different safety devices, but also a transition from managerial city to urban entrepreneurialism, or from authoritarian governance to consumer-efficiency oriented governance, and towards self-reflexive governance. In conclusion, the author reaffirms the political and ethical significance of walking mobility by way of the geographical and social difference of pedestrian space and experience.