瓜類兩種馬鈴薯Y群病毒之傳播與生態學研究

Transmission and ecological studies of two cucurbit potyviruses in Taiwan

趙佳鴻(C. H. Chao) ； 陳慶忠(C. C. Chen) ； 黃秋雄(C. H. Huang)

《植物病理學會刊》 3卷2期 (1994/06) Pp. 84-90

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.199406_3(2).0002

摘要

採集中部地區不同種類蚜蟲，經室內飼養後行傳播試驗結果計有棉蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)、桃蚜(Myzus persicae Sulzer)、捲葉蚜(A. citricola van der Goot)、無肘脈蚜 (Hysteroneura setanae Thomas)、黑豆蚜(A. craccivora Koch)及小桔蚜(Taxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe)等六種蚜蟲可傳播矮南瓜黃化嵌紋病毒(ZYMV)，而玉米蚜 (Rhopalosiphum maids Fitch)、高梁蚜(Melanaphis setariae Zehntner)、僞菜蚜(Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach)、藜蚜(Hayhurstia atriplicis L)、胡蓼釘毛蚜(Capitophorus hippophaes Walker)及莎草細毛足蚜(Schizaphis rotundventris Signoret)則不傳播。另有10種蚜蟲包括棉蚜(A. gossypii)、桃蚜(M. persicae)、無肘脈蚜(H. setariae)、黃脛黑尾蚜(Uroleucon solidaginis Fabricius)、玉米蚜(R. maidis)、芹菜粉蚜(Semaphis heraclei Takahashi)、柳雙尾蚜(Cavariella salicicola Matsumura)、捲葉蚜(A. citricola van der Goot)、黑豆蚜(A. craccivora)及酸模蚜(A. rumicis)能傳播木瓜輪點病毒－西瓜系統(PRSV-W)，而高梁蚜(M. serariae)、僞菜蚜(L crysimi)、藜蚜(H. atriplicis)及胡蓼釘毛蚜(C. hippophaes)則不傳毒。1991年利用黃色水盤誘集有翅蚜蟲，結果以僞菜蚜(L. crysimi)、棉蚜(A. gossypii)及桃蚜(M. persicae)發生數量較高，分別佔總誘集蟲數之54、12及10%。利用ELISA測定田間矮南瓜感染ZYMV與PRSV-W，結果顯示3-5月及8-10月分別出現較明顯之罹病率高峰期，在3-5月矮南瓜感染 ZYMV與PRSV-W之病株比桽分別爲23.3及20.3%，8-10月矮南瓜感染前二病毒之病株比率分別爲32.5及24%。病毒爲害對小胡瓜産量之影響，從結果中發現幼苗期與開花期感染病毒之植株産量明顯降低，但以幼苗期感染病毒較爲嚴重，產量分別僅爲健康對照組之14及31%。

關鍵字

瓜類馬鈴薯Y群病毒 ； 蚜蟲 ； 病毒傳播 ； 田間生態

並列摘要

In transmission test, Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, A. citricola, Hysteroneura setariae, A. craccivora and Toxoptera aurantii were found capable of transmitting zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), whereas Rhopalosiphum maidis, Melana sacchari, Lipaphis erysimi, Hayhurstia atriplicis, Capitophorus hippophaes and Schizaphis rotundiventris failed. Out of fourteen aphid species tested, ten, namely, A. gossypii, M. persicae, H setariae, roleucon solidaginis, R. maidis, Semiaphis heraclei, Cavariella salicicola, A. craccivora and A. citricola transmitted PRSV-W, but M. sacchari, H. atriplicis, C hippophaes and La erysimi did not. To study the fluctuation of aphid population and incidence of ZYMV and PRSV-Win the areas of Taiwan, the alate aphids were trapped by yellow water pan. Results indicated that three aphids, i.e., L ersimi, A. gossypii and M. persicae, were predominant, accounting for 54%, 12% and 10%, respectively, of the total aphids trapped. The incidence of ZYMV and/or PRSv-w in the zucchini squash field as detected by ELISA reached a first peak in March to May and a second in August to October during 1989- 1992. Cucumber plants infected with ZYMV and/or PRSV-W at the seedling stage produced only 14% and at flowering stage 32% of plant yield, as compared with the virus-free plants. These results indicated that plants infected with virus/viruses at the seedling stage suffered more damage and yield reduction than plants infected at the flowering stage.

並列關鍵字

cucurbit potyviruses ； aphids ； virus transmission ； field ecology