Stability of the Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri phages CP115 and CP122

柑桔潰瘍病菌的CP115、CP122噬菌體之穩定性

吳文川(Wen-Chuan Wu) ； 鍾昆晉(Kun-Chin Chung) ； 張文芳(Wen-Fang Chang)

《植物病理學會刊》 4卷1期 (1995/03) Pp. 1-7

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.199503_4(1).0001

摘要

CP115和CPI22噬菌體，是分別從葡萄柚及甜橙潰瘍病病斑分離獲得，在不同的物理、化學及農藥環境下測試其穩定性。CP115和CPI22噬菌體在牛肉煎汁、GY broth、生理食鹽水、蒸餾水中甚穩定；在溫度90 C及80 C 10分鐘時完全不活化；在牛肉煎汁中pH值在6到8最穩定，而在pH 5及pH 9到10其穩定性較差，pH 2及pH 12則完全不活化。15瓦的紫外燈距離60公分下照射360秒使CP115噬菌體穩定性降至0.05%，而CP122噬菌體則不活化。此兩種噬菌體各懸浮在50 mM的氯化納、氯化鉀、氯化鎂、氯化鈣、硫酸銨、Tris緩衝液、硫酸鎂、或檸檬酸納等溶液中甚穩定，在醋酸鉛溶液中穩定性較差，在硫酸亞鐵、磷酸緩衝液中則完全不活化。在相同濃度下，二鹽基磷酸鉀對CP115只稍微改變其力價，而CP122噬菌體其力價則降低至0.8%。CP115和CP122噬菌體對正丁醇和氯仿較具抗性而丙酮具中度抗性，對乙醇、乙醚和二甲苯皆具感受性。在推薦的稀釋倍數下，72.5%久保丹可濕性粉劑、50%歐滅松可濕性粉劑、4-4波爾多液 +56%氧化亞銅可濕性粉劑、81.3%嘉賜銅可濕性粉劑導致CP115和CP122噬菌體完全不活化，95%可濕性硫磺粉和50%陶滅蝨可濕性粉劑，使其穩定性降至0.33-8.8%，70%晴硫琨可濕性粉劑、44%大滅松乳劑、40%滅大松乳劑、25%新殺蟎乳劑、50%馬拉松乳劑、10%合賽多可濕性粉劑、85%加保利可濕性粉劑、70%甲基多保淨可濕性粉劑、42%大克蟎乳劑、50%芬佈賜可濕性紛劑及50%芬佈賜水懸劑等使之經微下降，而40%快得寧可濕性紛劑、13.5%納得亞減寧乳劑、5%護賽寧溶液則不影響其穩定性。70%甲基鋅乃浦並不影響CP122噬菌體，但影響CP115噬菌體的穩定性甚大。就65%鎳乃浦而言，CP115噬菌體不受影響，而CP122則會受到影響。

關鍵字

柑桔潰瘍病 ； Cp115、Cp122噬菌體 ； 穩定性

並列摘要

Phages CP115 and CP122 were isolated from the canker lesions on the leaves of grapefruit and Liucheng sweet orange, respectively. Their stability was tested under various physical, chemical, and agrochemical environmental conditions. Phages CP115 and CP122 were stable in the nutrient broth, GY broth, saline, and distilled water; and they were inactivated completely when heated at 90 C and 80 C for 10 min, respectively. They were stable in the nutrient broth at pH 6 to 8. Irradiaton under a 15-W ultraviolet light at the distance of 60 cm for 360 seconds reduced infectivity of phage CP115 down to 0.05%, while phage CP122 was inactivated completely. The phages were stable in each of 50 mM solutions of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, ammonium sulfate, Tris buffer, magnesium sulfate, and sodium citrate, unstable in lead acetate and lost their infectivity completely in ferrous sulfate and phosphate buffer. Both CP115 and CP122 were resistant to n-butyl alcohol and chloroform, moderately resistant to acetone and sensitive to ethanol, ether, and xylene. When used at the recommended doses, cuprosan 311 SD 72.5% WP, folimat 50% S, 4-4 bordeaux mixture + 56% metrox, and kasuran 81.3% WP completely inactivated both phages. Infectivity of both phages were reduced to 0.3-8.8% by cosan 95% WP and dursban-M 50% WP, slightly reduced by delan 70% WP, dithane M-45 33% F, delan-C 56% WP, cygon 44% EC, supracide 40% EC, malathion 50% EC, hexythiazox 10% WP, sevin 85% WP, topsin-M 70% WP. kelthane 42% EC, vendex 50% WP, and torque 50% F (same as of vendex WP). Quinolate 40% WP, Karate 2.8% EC, lannate 90% WP, benlate 50% WP, lanfas 13.5% EC, and pay-off 5% S did not inactivate them. Antracol 70% WP, dithane M-45 33% F, and neoron 25% EC did not affect the activity of phage CP122, but greatly or moderately affect that of phage CP115. Sakel 65% WP failed to inactivate phage CP115, but not phage CP122.

並列關鍵字

citrus canker ； Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri ； phages CP115 and CP122 ； stability