臺灣高粱麥角病病原菌的生物與生態特性

Biological and ecological characteristics of Sphacelia sorghi causing ergot disease of sorghum in Taiwan

陳俊位(C. W. Chen) ； 林俊義(C. Y. Lin) ； 葉瑩(Y. Yeh) ； 楊佐崎(T. C. Yang) ； 曾德賜(D. D. S. Tzeng)

《植物病理學會刊》 4卷1期 (1995/03) Pp. 8-16

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.199503_4(1).0002

摘要

本研究旨在探討本省高粱麥角病原菌(Sphacelia sorghi)之生物特性以及發病有關之生態因子，由1990-1992兩年期問之田間發病調查結果，發現低溫及降雨為導致麥角病發生之有利環境，田間發病嚴重時，罹病度可高達90％以上。罹病高粱上在12月到1月間可形成大量菌核、菌核堅硬、紅棕色，大小在2-3×2-5 mn左右。利用低溫及光照處理菌核，均未能成功誘使產生子囊盤。高粱栽培田中之54種禾本科植物，幾內亞草(Panicurn maximun)、巴拉草 (Brachiaria murica)、大理草(Puspalum dilatawm)及吉利草(Sorghum sp.)四種雜草穗上均有明顯麥角菌感染之病徵，並有蜜露產生，將之接種於高粱上可表現出病原性。利用高粱麥角菌之胞子接種54種禾本科值物，僅在珍珠粟(Penniscturn amcricanurn)及強生草(Sorghum halepenese)上造成感染，其它值物則未見蜜露之產生。

關鍵字

生物及生態特性 ； 麥角病 ； 高粱麥角菌

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the biological characteristics of Sphacelia sorghi and the ecological factors relating to the disease incidence. The disease survey conducted during 1990 to 1992 demonstrated that low temperature and rainfall are the two critical factors conducive to the ergot infection. In such conducive condition, the disease severity sometimes could reach up to 90%. In the field, spikes with great number of red-brownish ergot sclerotia at 2 to 5 mm diameter were quite often observed during the winter season (December to January). An attempt to induce apothecia formation from collected ergot sclerotia by either low temperature incubation or illumination treatment was not successful. In sorghum field, during the growing season, a total of 54 common weed species were surveyed for the incidence of ergot infection. Among them, Panicum maximun, Brachiara mutica, Paspalum dilatatum and a wild Sorghum sp. weed, showed conspicuous symptoms of ergot infection and produced honeydews on their spikes. The macroconidia collected from these plant hosts were proved to be infectious to the cultivated sorghum (Sorghum bicolor cv. Taichung No. 5). In contrast, macroconidia collected from diseased sorghum spikes, when artificially inoculated onto these weed species showed pathogenicity only to Pennisetum amenicanum and Sorghum halepenese.

並列關鍵字

Biological and ecological characteristics ； ergot disease ； Sphacelia sorghi