A Root-penetration Bioassay for the Screening of Nematode-Control Principles

應用根部侵入生物檢定法篩選天然線蟲防治劑

Bie-Yun Tsai(蔡碧雲)

《植物病理學會刊》 9卷4期 (2000/12) Pp. 131-136

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.200012_9(4).0001

摘要

在培養皿中可直接觀察天然殺線蟲劑對線蟲之麻痺致死效果，有助了解其作用機制，但此法易錯過一些需透過寄主才能發揮作用，或經由其他機制來防治線蟲之天然線蟲防治劑。根部侵入之生物檢定（bioassay）為較理想之篩選方法。利用此法測試之結果顯示，天然線蟲防治劑普遍存在於藥草、辛香料及蔬菜之中。芥末、蒜頭、紅蔥頭、辣椒、韭菜、蘿蔔葉柄及未熟番茄果實之抽出液皆對根瘤線蟲 Meloidogyne javanica 侵入寄主根系具完全之抑制效果。廣藿香、甘藍菜、洋蔥、青蔥、紅熟番茄果實之效果次之。效果最差者為苦瓜，抑制率僅55.5%。煮沸五分鐘可將蒜頭抽出液之殺線蟲效果降低54%，但對紅蔥頭抽出液則無影響。

關鍵字

生物檢定 ； 蒜頭 ； 天然線蟲防治劑 ； 辛香料植物 ； 根瘤線蟲

並列摘要

In vitro test allows the direct observation of paralyzation and death of nematodes, which is good for studying the mode of action of the natural nematicides. However, it is not as ideal a screening method as the root-penetration bioassay because it is more strenuous than the latter and has the opportunity to miss some natural nematode- control principles which require bioactivation or have a different mode of action other than paralyzation and direct killing of nematodes. The bioassay results showed that natural nematode-control principles exist widely among spices and vegetables, and revealed a wealth of sources of phytochemicals for the future synthesis of relatively safe nematicides. Among the materials tested, wasabi, garlic, shallot, chili pepper, Chinese chive, radish, and green tomato fruit all resulted in 100% reduction of root penetration of Meloidogyne javanica. Cabbage, onion, green onion, ripe tomato fruit were also highly effective in preventing nematode infection. Bitter gourd was the least effective one, with only 55.5% reduction of root penetration. The nematicidal effect of garlic extract was reduced by 54% after boiling for 5 min, but that of shallot extract was not affected.

並列關鍵字

bioassay ； garlic ； natural nematode-control principles ； spice plants ； Meloidogyne javanica