楊桃細菌性斑點病之發生、品種抗病性及藥劑防治

Occurrence,Variety Resistance and Chemical Control of Bacterial Spot of Carambola

蔡志濃( J. N Tsai) ； 安寶貞( P. J Ann) ； 林俊義( C. Y Lin) ； 吳雅芳( Y. F Wu) ； 彭淑貞( S .J Peng)

《植物病理學會刊》 10卷3期 (2001/09) Pp. 139-145

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.200109_10(3).0006

摘要

楊桃細菌性點病由Pseudomonas syringae所引起，危周葉片、枝條及果實，病徵為紅褐色小斑點，直徑約3-4mm，葉片上病斑具黃色暈圈，並造成葉片黃化、落葉、果實畸型及落果。在台灣，本病害於1997年11月在苗栗縣卓蘭鎮首次被發現，經過全台灣主要楊桃產區調查結果，目前僅在苗栗縣卓蘭鎮、台中縣東勢鎮、石岡鄉、新社鄉、南投縣國姓鄉及彰化縣員林鎮等地發生。以噴霧無傷痍接種方式檢定19種楊桃品種對該病害的抗感病性，發現所有供試品種皆可被感染，其中以馬來西亞種及二林軟枝種最為感病，罹病度在80%以上；而水晶種與大有種較為抗病，罹病度在20%以下。室內測定28種藥劑對細菌生長的抑制能力，其中85%鹼性氯氧化銅可濕性粉劑、68.8%多保鏈黴素可濕性粉劑、81.3%嘉賜銅可濕性粉劑、40%銅快得寧可濕性粉劑及73%鋅-波爾多可濕性粉劑，均具有良好之抑制效果。而田間藥效試驗結果也顯示，85%鹼性氯氧化銅可濕性粉劑300倍稀釋液、68.8%多保鏈黴素可濕性粉劑1000倍稀釋液、4-4式波爾多液、40%銅快得寧可濕性粉劑500倍稀釋液及73%鋅-波爾多可濕性粉劑800倍稀釋液皆可有效防治楊桃細菌性斑點病。

關鍵字

楊桃細菌性斑點病 ； 品種抗病性 ； 藥劑防治

並列摘要

Bacterial spot of carambola (starfruit, Averrhoa carambola) caused by Pseudomonas syrngae was first found at Miaoli, Cholan in 1987 in Taiwan. The bacterium attacked leaves, twigs and fruits, and induced symptoms as red-brown spots about 3-4 mm in diameter on infected tissues. The necrotic spots on leaves were surrounded with yellow halo. The infected leaves turned yellowing and were premature falling, whereas most of the fruits infected in the early stage were also premature dropping, the remains grew malformed. This new bacterial disease caused serious economic losses to farmers. Our results showed that the bacterial disease only occurred in the central Taiwan at present, including Cholan of Miaoli, Tungshih, Shihkang, and Hsinshe of Taichung, Kuohsing of Nantou and Yuanlin of Changhua Counties. Artificial inoculation demonstrated that all the 19 tested carambola varieties were infected by the pathogen. Among the tested varieties, Erh-lin-juan-chih and Malaysia were the most susceptible to the bacterium. Almost all the inoculated leaves of the two varieties were fallen with the disease incidences were 91.7 and 83.3% , respectively. However, Tai-pa and Sey-zen were slightly infected with disease incidences were both 18.3%and none of the inoculated leaves fell, were considered to be resistant to the bacterium. The results of chemicals test and field trials indicated that 85% copper oxychloride, 68.8% thiophanate-methyl+streptomycin, 4-4 Bordeaux mixtures, 40% oxine-copper + copper-hydroxide, and 73% zineb+basic copper sulphate were effectively inhibit the bacterial growth on PDA as well as decrease the disease in the fields.

並列關鍵字

Carambola(Averrhoa carambola) ； Pseudomonas syringae ； resistance ； chemical control