Impact of Crop Rotation on Soilborne Diseases and Yield of Kidney Bean: a Case Study in Northern Japan

用日本北部的一項試驗來探討輪作對菜豆產量及根部病害之影響

黃鴻章(Hung-Chang Huang) ； Fujio Kodama ； Kazutaka Akashi ； Kazuo Konno

《植物病理學會刊》 11卷2期 (2002/06) Pp. 87-96

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.200206_11(2).0005

摘要

The effects of crop rotation on diseases and yield of kidney bean were investigated using six of the plots in the long-term crop rotation experiment established since 1959 at the Hokkaido Prefectural Kitami Agricultural Experiment Station, Hokkaido, Japan. Data collected in 1994 showed that compared to the 6-year rotation, kidney bean cultivation in repeated monoculture resulted in a significant (P＜0.05) reduction in plant height, aboveground plant biomass, pod number, seed yield, and seed size. During the last l2-year period (1989-2000), the average seed yield of kidney bean was 970 kg/ha in monoculture, representing a 59% loss as compared to the average yield of 2380 kg/ha in the 6-year rotation. Greenhouse tests of soil samples collected in 1994 revealed that the incidence of Pythium damping-off of kidney bean and sugar beet was highest (＞66.1 %) in the soil from bean monoculture, modest in the soil from bare fallow, and lowest (＜38.9%) in the soil from bean in the 6-year rotation. Fusarium yellow of kidney bean was detected at high frequency (87%) only in the soil of bean monoculture. These results from testing of soil samples and examination of field plants suggest that the stunting and yellowing of kidney bean plants observed in monoculture plots were due to a root rot complex caused by Pythium spp. and Fusarium spp. Several isolates of Pseudomonas sp. from healthy bean rootlets of the rotation plots showed suppressive effects to the damping-off pathogens in this field. This study suggests that the soil testing method is useful for studying activities of soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms in microplots where removal of plants is restricted.

關鍵字

輪作栽培 ； Pythium幼苗猝倒病 ； Fusarium萎黃病 ； 生物防治 ； 菜豆 ； 甜菜

並列摘要

The effects of crop rotation on diseases and yield of kidney bean were investigated using six of the plots in the long-term crop rotation experiment established since 1959 at the Hokkaido Prefectural Kitami Agricultural Experiment Station, Hokkaido, Japan. Data collected in 1994 showed that compared to the 6-year rotation, kidney bean cultivation in repeated monoculture resulted in a significant (P＜0.05) reduction in plant height, aboveground plant biomass, pod number, seed yield, and seed size. During the last l2-year period (1989-2000), the average seed yield of kidney bean was 970 kg/ha in monoculture, representing a 59% loss as compared to the average yield of 2380 kg/ha in the 6-year rotation. Greenhouse tests of soil samples collected in 1994 revealed that the incidence of Pythium damping-off of kidney bean and sugar beet was highest (＞66.1 %) in the soil from bean monoculture, modest in the soil from bare fallow, and lowest (＜38.9%) in the soil from bean in the 6-year rotation. Fusarium yellow of kidney bean was detected at high frequency (87%) only in the soil of bean monoculture. These results from testing of soil samples and examination of field plants suggest that the stunting and yellowing of kidney bean plants observed in monoculture plots were due to a root rot complex caused by Pythium spp. and Fusarium spp. Several isolates of Pseudomonas sp. from healthy bean rootlets of the rotation plots showed suppressive effects to the damping-off pathogens in this field. This study suggests that the soil testing method is useful for studying activities of soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms in microplots where removal of plants is restricted.

並列關鍵字

Crop rotation ； Pythium damping-off ； Fusarium yellow ； biocontrol ； kidney bean ； sugar beet