台灣果樹及木本觀賞植物立枯型真菌性病害之調查與分布

Distribution of Decline of Fruit Trees and Ornamental Woody Plants in Taiwan

安寶貞(P. J. Ann) ； 蔡志濃(J. N. Tsai) ； 張東柱(T. T. Chang) ； 王姻婷(I. T. Wang)

《植物病理學會刊》 14卷3期 (2005/09) Pp. 203-210

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.200509_14(3).0005

摘要

依據1987至2004年之田間調查與病菌分離結果，與台灣果樹、庭園路樹及觀賞植物立枯死亡有關的根部病原真菌有十數種，依病菌分離比率，依序為褐根病菌(Phellinus noxius)、疫病菌（Phytophthora spp.，包括P. parasitica，P. palmivora，P. citrophthora，P. cinnamomi及其他）、靈芝類（Ganoderma spp.，包括G. australe，G. troricum，G. lucidum及其他）、白紋羽菌(Rosellinia necatrix)、Kretzchmaria clavus、斑孔木層孔菌(Phellinus punctatus)、小孔硬孔菌(Rigidoporus micrororus)及白絹病菌(Sclerotium rolfsii)。其他另有七種擔子菌（屬無摺菌目Aphyllophorales)與五種炭化菌（屬Xylariaceae）亦被分離檢出，但尚未鑑定至種。這些病原菌中，除疫病菌與白絹病菌外，其餘均為木材腐朽菌(wood decay fungi)，而褐根病菌之檢出率，約佔木材腐朽菌之50%左右。

關鍵字

立枯型病害decline ； 褐根病菌Phellinus noxius ； 白紋羽菌 ； 靈芝 ； 木材腐朽菌

並列摘要

Species of important economic woody fruit trees and ornamental trees with decline symptoms were investigated from 1987 through 2004 in Taiwan. Based on the survey on the fields and pathogen isolation, more than ten species of root-and wood-infecting fungi were founded to be associated with the decline of these ornamental woody plants. According to the isolation frequency in descending order, there are Phellinus noxius, Phytophthora spp. (including P. parasitica, P. palmivora, P. citrophthora, P. cinnamomi and others), Ganoderma spp. (including G. australe, G. tropicum, G. lucidum and others), Rosellinia necatrix, Kretzchmaria clavus, P. punctatus, Rigidoporus microporus and Sclerotium rolfsii. Besides, a total of 12 species of unidentified fungi including 7 species in Aphllophorales and 5 species in Xylariaceae were also isolated. Most of these root-infected fungi belonged to wood decay fungi in Ascomycetes or Basidiomycetes, except Phytophthora spp. and S. rolfsii. Among them, P noxius, which was detected from more than 50% wood decay samples, is the most destructive and widely distributed.

並列關鍵字

Tree decline ； Phellinus noxius ； Rosellinia necatrix ； Ganoderma spp. ； wood decay fungi