台灣松樹萎凋病分布與其病原線蟲之研究

Distribution of Pine Wilt Diseases in Taiwan and the Study of Its Causal Nematodes

陳珮臻(P. Chen) ； 黃盈彥(Y. Y. Huang) ； 蔡東纂(T. T. Tsay) ； 顏志恒(J. H. Yen)

《植物病理學會刊》 15卷4期 (2006/12) Pp. 263-274

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.200612_15(4).0006

摘要

本文調查台灣地區松樹萎凋病之分佈，及台灣目前松材線蟲之種類。利用型態學之特徵、測量值，及核醣體DNA之ITS區間序列分析從台灣和外島採得之19個分離株，除B. xylophilu，及B. mucronatus之外，還包含台灣未曾記錄種B. thailandae以及一分類地位尚未清楚之Bursaphelenchus sp.。採樣以B.xylophilu，為最多，共有8個分離株，分佈亦最廣；北部、中部、東部地區皆有其蹤跡。B. mucronatus共有5個分離株，分佈於北部、中部地區。B. thailandae僅於苗栗縣南座鄉發現，Bursophelenchus sp.則主要分佈於桃竹地區以及馬祖離島。接種試驗顯示，此次由田間分離的B. xylophilus線蟲分離株可感染台灣原生種的台灣二葉松及台灣五葉松。B. mucronatus的O分離株可於二葉松及五葉松中繁殖，但未能造成病徵。B. thailandae、未知的Bursaphelenchus sp.以及由萎凋的琉球松上分離的Aphelenchoides sp.皆未能在此次接種試驗中感染日本黑松、台灣二葉松及五葉松。由ITS區間片段大小及其序列顯示，台灣地區的B.xylophilus及B. mucronatus其種類差異極小，而未知的Bursaphelenchus sp.其四個分離株差異也僅有1%。

關鍵字

松樹萎凋病 ； 松材線蟲 ； 分佈 ； 鑑定 ； Bursaphelenchus mucronatus ； Bursaphelenchus thailandae ； Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ； Pinus luchuensis ； Pinus morrisonicola ； Pinus taiwenensis

並列摘要

The distribution of pine wilt diseases and the nematode associated with the disease were investigated in this study. Using morphomatric data and ITS region sequences in the rDNA, a total of 19 isolates were classified into five groups, including Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, B. mucronatus, a new described species B. thailandae. Two groups including 5 isolates were not able to be identified to species according to the current keys, they were referred to as Bursaphelenchus sp. and Aphelenchoides sp. in this study. Among 19 isolates studied, 8 were identified as B. xylophilus, those isolates were collected from the northern, central and eastern part of Taiwan. Five isolates belonged to B. mucronatus and were collected from northern and central Taiwan. B. thailandae was only found in Nan-Chuan in Miaoli County; Bursaphelenchus sp. isolates were found in Tao-Yuan, Hsing-Chu Counties and Ma-Zu islands. B. xylophilus isolated from the field were inoculated on Pinus taiwenensis and P. morrisonicola, were able to produce pine wilt disease symptoms, while all the isolates of B. mucronatus were not able to. But O isolate was found to reproduce inside the pine trees. B. tailandae, Bursaphelenchus sp. and Aphelenchoides sp. could neither cause symptoms nor reproduce on these 3 pine trees. The ITS sequences showed very little variation within the species of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus isolates found in Taiwan. Four isolates of Bursaphelenchus sp. only had 1% differences, indicating these 4 isolates were potentially the same species.

並列關鍵字

Distribution ； Bursaphelenchus mucronatus ； B. thailandae ； B. xylophilus ； Pinus morrisonicola ； P. taiwenensis ； Pine wilt disease