應用鏈黴菌Streptomyces sp. A272防治白菜立枯病

Effect of Culture Filtrates of Streptomyces sp. Strain A272 on Control Rhizoctonia damping-off of Chinese Cabbage

蔡依真(Y. C. Tsai) ； 鍾文全(W. C. Chung) ； 鍾文鑫(W. H. Chung)

《植物病理學會刊》 19卷2期 (2010/06) Pp. 149-155

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.201006_19(2).0004

摘要

自台灣不同地區土壤所分離的十株鏈黴菌菌株，利用對峙培養法測定它們對白菜立枯病病原菌Rhizoctonia solani AG-4的拮抗作用，得知鏈黴菌A272菌株可顯著抑制R. solani AG-4的生長。將鏈黴菌A272菌株培養在馬鈴薯葡萄糖培養液六天，其培養濾液抑制R. solani AG-4生長的效果最佳。進一步將該培養濾液以不同溫度處理後，其抑菌活性的抑制圈大小僅有6.8~7.0mm，比未處理的對照組(9.8mm)小，但各溫度處理間則無明顯差異，顯然該培養濾液可能含有耐熱性抗生物質。在網室進行防治試驗時，將稀釋10倍與100倍之鏈黴菌A272培養濾液加至含有不結球白菜種子的病原菌介質中，得知10倍稀釋的培養濾液較對照組可分別提高三鳳與坂田交配品種之種子發芽率達25.9%與41.6%；而100倍稀釋的培養濾液則較對照組可分別增進三鳳與坂田交配品種之種子發芽率達16.6%與25.0%。另評估澆灌稀釋10倍與100倍鏈黴菌A272培養液，對移植於帶有病原菌介質中不結球白菜幼苗的存活率之影響。結果顯示處理10倍稀釋液後，三鳳與坂田交配品種之幼苗存活率分別達94.6%與89.3%；而處理100倍稀釋液之三鳳與坂田交配品種的幼苗存活率，則分別爲99.2%與93.1%。綜合上述結果顯示鏈黴菌A272菌株應用於苗期立枯病的防治具有相當大的潛力。

關鍵字

鏈黴菌 ； Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 ； 培養濾液 ； 熱處理

並列摘要

Among the 10 strains of Streptomyces isolated from soil in Taiwan tested in dual cultures on potato dextrose agar, Streptomyces sp. A272 was the most effective strain in inhibition of growth of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4. Filtrates of Streptomyces spp. A272 from 6-day-old potato dextrose broth were suppressive to the growth of R. solani AG-4. The antifungal activity of culture filtrates of Streptomyces spp. strain A272 against R. solani AG-4 was tested after heat treatments of culture filtrates at 40, 60, 80 and 121℃ resulted in reduction of the inhibition zone of 6.8-7.0mm compared to 9.8mm in the control. Treated seeds or seedlings of Chinese cabbage (cv. San Fong and Ban Tian hybrid) with culture filtrates of A272 strain from PDB broth culture at rates of 10-fold and 100-fold dilution by drenching resulted in the increase of germination of seeds and survival of seedlings. The rates of seed germination of cv. San Fong and Ban Tian hybrid increased 25.9 and 41.6% for 10-fold dilution culture filtrate compared control treatment, respectively. For 100-fold dilution culture filtrate, the seed germination rates of two cultivars increased 16.6 and 25.0% compared control treatment, respectively. Furthermore, the rates of survival seedling of cv. San Fong and Ban Tian hybrid were 94.6 and 89.3%, respectively, after 10-fold dilution culture filtrate treated. The other sides, the rates of survival seedling of the two cultivars were 99.2 and 93.1%, respectively, after 100-fold dilution culture filtrated treated. This study suggests that the Streptomyces sp. strain A272 may be of potential for management of Rhizoctonia damping-off of vegetable crops.

並列關鍵字

Streptomyces spp. ； Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 ； culture filtrates ； heat treatment