蝴蝶蘭鐮胞菌病害調查

Field Surveys for Fusarium Diseases of Phalaenopsis in Taiwan

蘇俊峯(J. F. Su) ； 李怡靜(Y. C. Lee) ； 陳純葳(C. W Chen) ； 黃晉興(J. H. Huang) ； 謝廷芳(T. F. Hsieh)

《植物病理學會刊》 21卷2期 (2012/06) Pp. 115-130

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.201206_21(2).0006

摘要

本研究主要目的在於釐清鐮胞菌（Fusarium spp.）引起之蝴蝶蘭病害種類。經田間調查、病原菌分離與鑑定及接種試驗結果，顯示蝴蝶蘭植株發生葉片黃化、落葉，葉鞘或靠近葉鞘的裸露根部出現黑腐病徵，有時在罹病葉鞘與根部黑腐部位出現成堆的橙紅色子囊殼，為Fusarium solani（有性世代為Haematonectria haematococca）所引起的黃葉病。蝴蝶蘭植株葉片與葉鞘出現不規則至圓形黑褐色病斑，病斑周圍有黃暈，病斑中間則出現灰白色病徵；若病斑出現於葉基部或葉鞘，則容易引起植株葉片黃化的病徵，係由F. oxysporum所引起的灰斑病。蝴蝶蘭植株葉鞘與葉片出現圓形至不規則形的黑色病斑，而有些品種的葉鞘被感染後，葉片有偏黃的現象，係為F. proliferatum所引起的黑斑病。將黑斑病菌F0217-23與F925L7菌株單獨接種時，供試植株並不會出現黃葉的病徵，但是與黃葉病菌FST1菌株混合接種時，供試植株則出現葉片黃化病徵。又將FST1菌株與灰斑病菌N8284菌株進行混合接種，結果兩者不論單獨或混合接種，皆會造成植株葉片黃化。進一步將FST1、F0217-23及N8284等菌株混合接種，植株會出現葉片黃化的病徵；然而，將F0217-23與N8284混合接種時，植株卻不會出現葉片黃化的病徵。在24-28℃時三個供試菌株的菌絲生長速度，以FST1菌株最快，菌絲生長速度介於4.8-5.3 mm/day，而F0217-23與N8284菌株之菌絲生長速度則介於2.1-3.3 mm/day。

關鍵字

蝴蝶蘭 ； 黃葉病 ； 黑斑病 ； 灰斑病 ； Fusarium solani ； Haematonectria haematococca ； Fusarium oxysporum ； Fusarium proliferatum

並列摘要

This study was mainly focused on clarification of different diseases caused by three species of Fusarium in Phalaenopsis. According to field survey, pathogen isolation, identification and inoculation, the causal agents of different types of lesions such as yellow leaf, black spot and gray spot were verified. The pathogen Fusarium solani (teleomorph Haematonectria haematococca) caused yellow leaf of Phalaenopsis resulting in sheath and root rot, leaf yellowing and defoliation from sheath. Basal sheath exposed black rot symptom. In some cases, those parts of tissue displayed piles of orange-red perithecia. The pathogen F. oxysporum caused gray spot of Phalaenopsis resulting in leaves and sheaths appeared irregular to round dark brown lesion in the beginning, then lesion surrounded by a yellow halo and middle part of lesion turn gray color. If the leaf base or sheath of plants is infected by pathogen, the plants will show leaf yellowing symptom. The pathogen F. proliferatum caused black spot of Phalaenopsis resulting in circular to irregular shaped black lesions on sheaths and leaves. In some Phalaenopsis cultivars, the leaves turn yellowish after sheath was infected by this pathogen. For inoculation test, no yellow leaf symptom appeared on the plants after inoculation of the black spot isolates of F0217-23 and F925L7. But the tested plants showed yellow leaf symptoms after inoculation of the black spot isolates mixed with the sheath and root rot isolate of FST1. On the other hand, all test plants showed leaf yellowing after alone or mixed inoculation by FST1 and gray spot isolate of N8284. In addition, the inoculated plants showed leaf yellowing after mixed inoculation of the isolates FST1, F0217-23 and N8284. But the plants would not appear yellow leaf after mixed inoculation by the isolates F0217-23 and N8284. The mycelial growth of FST1 isolate was faster than F0217-23 and N8284 isolates. Mycelial growth rate of FST1 isolate was ranged from 4.8 to 5.3 mm/day, but F0217-23 and N8284 isolates were ranged from 2.1 to 3.3 mm/day at 24-28℃. From this study, the typical symptoms caused by three different species of Fusarium were clearly clarified. It will be helpful to recognize the confusable symptoms of Phalaenopsis diseases in the field.

並列關鍵字

Phalaenopsis ； yellow leaf ； black spot ； gray spot ； Fusarium solani ； Haematonectria haematococca ； Fusarium oxysporum ； Fusarium proliferatum