植物精油對果樹炭疽病菌孢子發芽之抑制效果

Effects of Plant Essential Oils on Spore Germination of Several Fruit Anthracnose Pathogens

謝廷芳(T. F. Hsieh) ； 陳俊宏(C. H. Chen) ； 蔡志濃(J. N. Tsai)

《植物病理學會刊》 23卷1期 (2014/03) Pp. 31-41

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.201403_23(1).0003

摘要

蒐集肉桂、丁香、桉樹、茴香、香茅、檸檬桉及百里香等七種植物精油，經稀釋為62.5、125、250、500、1000及2000μl/L後，於水瓊脂培養基平板上分別測試其對印度棗、木瓜、芒果、文旦、蘋果炭疽病菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides及香蕉炭疽病菌Colletotrichum musae等孢子發芽之抑制效果，再換算植物精油對各種果樹炭疽病菌之50％抑制濃度（Concentration required for 50%inhibition, IC_(50)）。結果七種精油中以肉桂、丁香及檸檸桉三種植物精油抑制六種果樹炭疽病菌孢子發芽之效果最佳，其中肉桂精油的IC_(50)小於98.7μl/L、丁香精油的IC50小於155.7μl/L，而檸檬桉精油的IC50小於190.5μl/L。另外，以市面上購得之香蕉果實分別浸漬於肉桂和丁香精油500μl/L稀釋液中，發現肉桂油具有預防香蕉炭疽病發生之效果，而丁香精油反而會促使香蕉炭疽病嚴重發病，所得結果可作為日後研發天然植物保護製劑防治作物炭疽病之參考。

關鍵字

植物精油 ； 炭疽病菌 ； 孢子發芽 ； 香蕉 ； 炭疽病 ； 防治

並列摘要

Seven plant essential oils extracted from cassia, clove, eucalyptus, anise, lemongrass, lemon eucaly, and thyme were collected and evaluated for their suppression of spore germination of Colletotrichum species including C. gloeosporioides isolated from papaya, mango, pomelo, apple and Indian jujube and C. musae isolated from banana in Taiwan. The plant essential oils were diluted for 62.5 to 2000μl/L to test the the inhibitory effectiveness of spore germination on water agar plate. Among those tested essential oils, cassia, clove and lemon eucalyptus essential oils were the best three oils to inhibit the spore germination of six isolates of Colletotrichum species. The cassia essential oil showed the best inhibitory effect on spore germination with IC_(50) less than 98.7μl/L. The harvested banana fruits were soaked in the 500-μl/L solution of cassia and clove essential oils for 10min, respectively, to evaluate the effect of essential oils on control of anthracnose disease caused by C. musae. Data showed that the disease severity rating by percentage of lesion area was markedly decreased by treatment of cassia oil after 6days of incubation, but the disease severity was obviously increased by treatment of clove oil. These results could provide valuable information in formulating the natural plant protectants in the future.

並列關鍵字

Plant essential oil ； Colletotrichum spp. ； spore germination ； banana ； anthracnose ； disease control