中部地區柑橘黑點病的消長與防治

The Investigation on Dynamic and Control of Citrus Melanose in Central Taiwan

葉士財(S. T. Yeh) ； 郭建志(C. C. Kuo)

《植物病理學會刊》 23卷1期 (2014/03) Pp. 55-66

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.201403_23(1).0005

摘要

本試驗於2010年調查20種柑橘品系葉片黑點病（Citrus melanose stem-end rot）之罹病程度，結果得知帝王柚（Emperors grapefruit）之葉片罹病度65.3%最高，其次為柳橙（Sugar orange）及血橙（blood oranges）等，至於珍珠柑之葉片罹病度最低為8.6%。於果實發育期間調查18種柑橘品系，仍以帝王柚及柳橙罹病度最高，分別79.23及78.25%，而珍珠柑（Ponka）的罹病度最低為10%。本試驗篩選21種藥劑對柑桔黑點病菌（Phomopsis citri）菌絲生長的影響，試驗結果顯示，70%甲基多保淨（thiophanate-methyl）可溼性粉劑、70%甲基鋅乃浦（propineb）可溼性粉劑、25%克熱淨（iminoctadine triacetate）溶液、80%免得爛（metiram）可溼性粉劑、50%免賴得（benomyl）可溼性粉劑、33.5%快得寧（oxine-copper）水懸劑、56%貝芬硫醌（carbendazim + dithianon）可溼性粉劑、21.2%依滅列（imazalil）乳劑及41.8%腐絕（thiabendazole）水懸劑等9種藥劑，可完全抑制P. citri菌株代號菌絲的生長。而80%可濕性硫磺（sulfur）可溼性粉劑對P. citri菌株代號菌絲生長的抑制效果為48.18%。此外，於2011年每月調查南投縣名間鄉、水里鄉及臺中市東勢區茂谷柑黑點病之葉片罹病度，發現6月中旬以後其葉片罹病度普遍上升，至7月份水里鄉之茂谷柑葉片罹病度達20.35%。本研究於2011及2012年於水里鄉上安村之臍橙（Navel oranges）園，測試整枝修剪對黑點病發病的影響，結果顯示經整枝修剪後植株之臍橙葉部黑點病於12月分之罹病度分別為8.7及30.5%，比對照未整枝修剪者之罹病度（13.5及42.3%）為低。另調查此兩年臍橙果實罹黑點病之罹病度，其果實於12月份之罹病度分別為8.8%及43.5%，比對照未整枝修剪者之罹病度（10.6%、45.2%）為低。證實臍橙經整枝修剪後，可降低臍橙葉片及果實之罹病度。

關鍵字

柑橘 ； 黑點病 ； 罹病度 ； 防治 ； 藥劑

並列摘要

Melanose stem-end rot caused by Phomopsis citri, is important disease in production area in Taiwan. The objectives of this study are including the investigation of melanose stem-end rot on 20 citrus varieties during 2011 period, sensitivity of P. citri to different fungicides and effect of pruning on disease development. The investigation results showed that the Emperors grapefruit had the highest leaf disease severity (65.3%) and Sugar orange (51.3%) and blood oranges (49.4%) were next. The lowest leaf disease severity (8.6%) is found in Ponka. Besides, the investigation of disease severity during fruit development in 18 citrus varieties showed the highest disease severity was found in Emperors grapefruit (79.23%) and Sugar orange (78.25%) whereas Ponka showed the lowest fruit disease severity (10%). The investigation of the inhibition of mycelia growth of P. citri by using 21 kinds of fungicides showed that 9 kinds of fungicide such as thiophanate-methyl (70%), propineb (70%), iminoctadine triacetate (25%), metiram (80%), benomyl (50%), oxine-copper (33.5%), carbendazim mixture dithianon (56%), imazalil (21.2%), and thiabendazole (41.8%) were able to inhibit the mycelia growth entirely. Besides, 48.18% of sulfur application was also able to inhibit mycelia growth of P. citri. Field investigation in 2011 showed that Murcott leaf melanose disease rose after Mid-June at Mingjian and Shuili township in Nantou county and Dongshi dist in Taichung city. Moreover, leaf melanose disease in Shuili Township reached the highest rate (20.35%) during July. In 2011 and 2012, the observation of the Navel oranges disease severity in leaves after pruning was about 8.7% and 30.5%. In contrast, the non-pruning plant was about 13.5% and 43.2%. Furthermore, the severities in fruits were about 8.8% and 10.6% in pruning plants and non-pruning plants were about 43.5% and 45.2%.

並列關鍵字

citrus ； Citrus melanose stem-end rot ； Phomopsis citri ； occurrence ； fungicides ； control