Acidovorax anthurii引起的火鶴花新病害－細菌性葉斑病

A New Bacterial Leaf Spot Disease of Anthurium Caused by Acidovoraxanthurii

許秀惠(S. H. Hseu) ； 陳美德(M. T. Chen) ； 宋嘉仁(C. J. Sung)

《植物病理學會刊》 24卷1期 (2015/03) Pp. 13-23

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.201503_24(1).0002

摘要

2009~2012年，於高雄市及屏東縣等多處火鶴花園種植的粉佳人、丘比特及翠綠等品種上發現可危害火鶴花的病害問題，不但引起系統性感染且導致植株死亡。在葉片上出現褐色不規則型斑點，初期葉片出現水浸狀，嚴重時則整個葉片褐化乾枯，花苞出現黑褐化病斑，根部形成微爛狀褐化。經柯霍氏法則確認該病原為細菌，由生理生化測定顯示該病原細菌為革蘭氏陰性，好氣性，不具螢光，具有氧化酶、不具有果膠分解酶活性，通常具1根，少數具有2~3根單極生鞭毛之桿狀細菌，在YDC（Yeast extract-dextrose-CaCO_3）培養基上菌落呈乳白色，且Biolog鑑定及脂肪酸圖譜分析結果，均顯示供試的火鶴花病原細菌屬於Acidovorax spp.。再以Acidovorax屬具專一性的引子對進行PCR及巢式nested-PCR鑑定，包括引子對Aaaf3/Aaar2及Aaaf5/Aaar2（A. avenae subsp. avenae）、Ac46f/Ac46r（A. avenae subsp. cattleyae）及SL1/SR1（A. avenae subsp. citrulli）等，但供試病原菌均無任何條帶產生，確認供試病原細菌菌株非上述病原細菌。進一步分析碳源利用，結果顯示供試病原菌的特性與 Acidovorax anthurii 特性相近，且16S rDNA定序鑑定結果與Acidovorax anthurii（GenBank accession number AJ007013.1）序列相似度達97-98%。綜合上述結果顯示供試病原細菌為Acidovorax anthurii，可引起火鶴花細菌性葉斑病（bacterial leafspot disease）。室內測試10種商品化藥劑，以鏈四環黴素的效果最佳，其效果依序為鏈四環黴素、嘉賜黴素、鋅錳乃浦、歐索林酸、嘉賜銅、多保鏈黴素、氫氧化銅、三元硫酸銅、鏈黴素及鹼性氯氧化銅。

關鍵字

火鶴花 ； 細菌性葉斑病 ； 細菌性葉斑病菌 ； 室內藥劑篩選

並列摘要

A leaf spot of unknown etiology was observed in anthurium in both Kaohsiung and Pingtung counties between 2009 and 2012. Symptom typically started with the appearance of water soaked spots that later developed into irregular brown flecks or spots on the surface of leaves. In severe cases, entire leaves turned brown and eventually dried out. Spathe was also affected, showing dark brown lesions. A bacterium was isolated from affected leaves and re-inoculated back to healthy anthurium showing similar symptoms, and thus completed Koch's postulates. The isolated pathogen is an aerobic, Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium, which produced oxidases, but not produced fluorescence and pectinases. The bacterium was likely an Acidovorax spp. based on the profiles of Biolog GN MicroPlate Identification System and fatty acid analysis. Most of the identified bacterium had one polar flagellum; few had 2 to 3 polar flagella, but they all formed milky white colonies on Yeast extract-dextrose-CaCO_3 (YDC) medium. PCR and Nested PCR using primers specifically targeting A. avenae subspecies avenae, cattleyae, and citrulli failed to amply any products. A Blast search of the NCBI database with 16S rDNA sequence obtained from the isolated Acidovorax spp. revealed 98% similarity to Acidovorax anthurii. The new disease is named bacterial leaf spot of anthurium. In vitro tests on nutrient agar (NA) showed that the most effective chemicals for suppressing Acidovorax anthurii growth were streptomycin, and tetracycline, copper bacteriocides, antibiotics, oxolinic acid, and carbamates.

並列關鍵字

anthurium ； bacterial leaf spot ； Acidovorax anthurii ； agrochemical screening