整合型植生復育土壤中法規管制重金屬污染整治研究計畫

Integrated Phytoremediation to Comply Regulatory Heavy Metals Standards

葉琮裕(T.Y. Yeh)

《臺灣鑛業》 71卷1期 (2019/03) Pp. 23-40

摘要

土壤污染為長久以來全球環境污染之重要議題之一，這些污染物不僅會對環境造成影響同時也會對人體健康產生危害。目前發現已知的人類致癌物，包括三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、砷、苯、鎘、鉻和多氯聯苯（PCB），這些污染物通過土壤的溶出、沖蝕、植物吸收等方式進入食物鏈，進而危害到人體健康。以往針對公告列管之農地污染改善方式中，對於遭重金屬鉻、鋅、銅、鎳、鉛、鋅污染且污染濃度較低之農地，尤其以銅、鉻、鎳的情形最為嚴重，目前臺灣多採用「土壤翻土混合稀釋法」進行處理；而對於遭重金屬鎘、鉛、汞污染，及污染濃度較高地區之農地，則採「土壤酸洗法」，對於部分污染土壤則採「熱處理法」、「排土法」、「客土法」等其他改善方法（行政院環境保護署，2006），但考量未來環保署農地污染場址實質應用與整體政策的推動，應以「綠色整治技術」植生復育法為主軸。而傳統物化處理技術所需成本較高、容易破壞土壤質地結構且影響土壤肥力，因此許多科學家紛紛致力於研究具成本效益之方法，而近年來植生復育法廣為被大家推崇，目前也已發現有幾種植物可有效的作為植生復育之物種，除能有效的修復受重金屬污染土壤外更節省了經濟成本，同時也為一環境友善之「綠色整治技術」。

關鍵字

生物可降解螯合劑 ； 重金屬 ； 植生復育

並列摘要

As a result of the advancement of industries and technologies, the soil in Taiwan has suffered from serious heavy metal pollution at various levels caused by industrial waste substances and/or wastewater. The results show the addition of EDDS can effectively promote the heavy metal mobility, and increase the heavy metal absorption of plants, while the addition with GA3 can increase the biomass of plants and improve upward mobility of plants. Finally, the pot experiment indicates that adding EDDS and GA3 together can generate the best absorption efficacy in the soil containing Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni. The pot experiment demonstrates the environmentally sustainable phytoremediation possesses optimal efficacy in remedying soil polluted by Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, and the optimal method is adding EDDS and GA3 together. According to bacterial flora change result acquired from PCR and DGGE analysis, among the three groups, heavy metal+H20, heavy metal+GA3, and heavy metal+ EDDS+GA3, the last group has the richest bacterial flora. This demonstrates that when EDDS and GA3 are added together, the growth of microorganisms will be stimulated to create the richer development of bacterial flora. As a result of the advancement of industries and technologies, the soil in Taiwan has suffered from serious heavy metal pollution at various levels caused by industrial waste substances and/or wastewater. The results show the addition of EDDS can effectively promote the heavy metal mobility, and increase the heavy metal absorption of plants, while the addition with GA3 can increase the biomass of plants and improve upward mobility of plants. Finally, the pot experiment indicates that adding EDDS and GA3 together can generate the best absorption efficacy in the soil containing Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni. The pot experiment demonstrates the environmentally sustainable phytoremediation possesses optimal efficacy in remedying soil polluted by Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, and the optimal method is adding EDDS and GA3 together. According to bacterial flora change result acquired from PCR and DGGE analysis, among the three groups, heavy metal+H20, heavy metal+GA3, and heavy metal+ EDDS+GA3, the last group has the richest bacterial flora. This demonstrates that when EDDS and GA3 are added together, the growth of microorganisms will be stimulated to create the richer development of bacterial flora.

並列關鍵字

EDDS ； heavy metal ； phytoremediation