An Exploratory Study for Groupthink Research to Enhance Group Decision Quality

從團體迷思研究觀點探索提升群體決策品質之研究

陳啟光(Chi-Kuang Chen) ； 蔡政和(Cheng-Ho Tsai) ； 許國進(Kuo-Chin Shu)

《品質學報》 16卷2期 (2009/04) Pp. 137-152

摘要

本文主要係利用團體迷思研究觀點，探索提升群體決策品質之研究。團體迷思(Groupthink)係指某群體的成員相當認同且深切的屬於該群體，爲了達成某一項特定的目標而忽視該群體本身最初的動機或目的，導致不能確實評估外在環境真實情況所陷入的一種思考模式。近三十年來國內外學界雖然對於團體迷思現象熱烈地探討，但是對於團體迷思現象之見解仍有分歧。作者指出這是缺乏一個標準化的研究設計所導致，因此本文提供一個團體迷思研究架構，針對Janis團體迷思模式之所有變數進行探討，並以國內投資大陸廠商之投資決策制訂過程爲個案研究對象。研究結果發現，該研究架構可成功檢驗團體迷思現象之各種變數。本文針對該研究結果代表的涵意有進一步討論。

關鍵字

團體迷思 ； 群體決策品質分析 ； 小群體決策

並列摘要

This paper develops a research framework for groupthink study. Groupthink, proposed by Janis in 1971, described the phenomenon of persons engaging in concurrence-seeking in a cohesive in-group so strongly that their thinking tended to override a realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action. Although many studies have been conducted in the past three decades, groupthink remained controversial. The authors held that it was lack of a standard research setting that results in the incomparability of research findings. This paper thus proposed a research framework that employs all the variables of Janis’s groupthink model. To test the feasibility of the proposed research framework, an empirical study was conducted. It was a case study of group decision quality in investing Mainland China. The results revealed that the groupthink phenomenon can be successfully examined by this research framework. The implications of the research findings were discussed in detail.

並列關鍵字

groupthink ； group decision quality analysis ； small group decision

參考文獻

Aldag, R. J.,Fuller, S. R.(1993).Beyond fiasco: a reappraisal of the groupthink phenomenon and a new model of groupthink decision processes.Psychological Bulletin.113(3),533-552.

Callaway, M. R.,Esser, J. K.(1984).Groupthink: effects of cohesiveness and problem-solving procedures on group decision making.Social Behavior and Personality.12(2),157-164.

Esser, J. K.(1998).Alive and well after 25 years: a review of groupthink research.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.73(2-3),116-141.

Esser, J. K.(1995).Groupthink from Pearl Harbor to the Challenger: Failure of Decision-making Groups.Beaumont:Lamar University.

Esser, J. K.,Lindoerfer, J. S.(1989).Groupthink and the space shuttle challenger accident: toward a quantitative case analysis.Journal of Behavioral Decision Making.2(3),167-177.