產品概念設計品質評價方法之研究

新產品設計開發初期，常會有許多概念構想生成，亦有許多評估因子需要同時加以考慮，加上消費族群對產品品味與環境意識的高漲，已經無法僅依賴設計師個人好惡決定產品評價的結果。因此，在評價過程中針對評價目標採取適當的評價分析方法，方能有效降低決策的風險。本研究以嬰幼兒學步車的產品概念設計為例，並透過國內外產品設計競賽之評價項目彙整，以及模糊德爾菲法（fuzzy Delphi method）專家問卷評定，以篩選出在專業考量上具有高度共識的評價準則，以作為學步車概念設計的評價因子。而後，應用多準則設計評價方法的輔助支援，分別為灰關聯分析（grey relational analysis, GRA）、最佳解目標排序法（technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution, TOPSIS）與選擇法（elimination et choice translating reality, ELECTRE）等進行專業評估及實例驗證。研究結果顯示三種方法各有其特色，其中GRA具有參考性的整體比較與調整對比強度的機制；而TOPSIS的施行步驟是三個方法中最簡單易懂的，且可以藉由距離之數值表示方案間的差距；至於ELECTRE是由成對比較為基礎，較無法透過數值來判別，但能利用圖示關係圖顯示方案之間的關係。因此決策者在做決策時應加以瞭解評價方法的優缺點，以採取適當的評價方法。藉此實際案例運用與比較之研究成果，將有助於新產品概念設計評價過程中，能有效針對決策目標採取適當的評價分析，以期能對設計評價產生實質之效益。

關鍵字

學步車；設計評價；選擇法；最佳解目標排序法；灰關聯分析

並列摘要

Some ideas often show up during the development process of new product design. Consumers' tastes in products and the rising awareness of environment and many evaluation factors need to be considered simultaneously. Owing to the mentioned factors, the result of a product's evaluation cannot just rely on designer's personal preference. Therefore, using the appropriate evaluation analysis methods to the right evaluation objectives can effectively reduce the risk of decision-making. The evaluation factors of baby walker design in this study was decided through evaluation items of internal and overseas product design competitions and fuzzy Delphi method analytic to filter out the evaluation criteria with a high degree of consensus in the professional considerations. Then, multiple criteria design evaluation method (grey relational analysis [GRA], technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution [TOPSIS], and elimination et choice translating reality [ELECTRE]) was conducted to assist professional evaluation and examples of verification. The research results show that the three methods have their own characteristics. The GRA method has an informative overall comparison and a mechanism for adjusting contrast intensity. The implementation steps of TOPSIS method are the most simple and easy to understand among the three methods, and the distance between the solutions can be expressed by the numerical value of the distance. The ELECTRE method, which is based on pairwise comparison, is difficult to distinguish through numerical values, but it can use the graphical diagram to show the relationship between the schemes. It is hoped that the result of the study can effectively help selecting appropriate evaluation analysis methods to the right objectives to generate substance benefits for design evaluation during the design evaluation process of new products.

並列關鍵字

baby walker ； design evaluation ； ELECTRE ； TOPSIS ； GRA

參考文獻

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