人因工程與飛航管制人員的關係

Human Factors and Air Traffic Controller

蔡秋月(Chiou-Yueh Tsay)

《中華民國航空醫學會刊》 10卷2期 (1996/12) Pp. 23-27

https://doi.org/10.7011/TAMAROC.199612.0023

摘要

自1951年Fitts發表一系列研究報告有關人因工程在管制員上的應用以來，許多學者專家開始在實驗室或實業界致力於這方面的研究探討。由於基本上人類有其能力上的限制，例如學習、注意力、理解、記憶、適應力、訊息運作、決策、解決問題、預測力等等，這些能力上的限制，是不會隨著時代的變遷而改變，人因工程學者在這一方面的努力是如何配合這些能力上的限制，在技術上做改革。特別是隨著日新月異的科技發展，ATC系統愈趨自動化，管制員在ATC系統中的角色由手控式轉爲監控式，但是因爲管制員本身及與機器系統之間的互動關係才是人因工程所關切的核心主體，所以並非所有的科技都可以應用到ATC系統上，而是讓管制員成爲ATC系統的中心主宰者，所有的科技只是幫助或增進管制員的工作效率與工作滿足感而已。

關鍵字

人因工程 ； 飛航管制人員

並列摘要

Since Fitts reported series of studies concerning human factors in air traffic control in 1951, this field had a major influence on subsequent events and has appealed to academic researchers and specialists to discuss the gap between laboratory research findings and their practical application. Because basic human capabilities and limitations-of learning, attending, understanding, remembering, adapting, processing information, taking decisions, solving problems, predicting, and so on-remain much the same no matter what happens in technological advances. Therefore, the main effort ot human factors scientists is to march into new technology to cope withe human limitations and to reallocate the functions between human and machine. Many of these technological innovations involve increased automation of functions or more computer assistance for controllers. The required manual performance of routine tasks will be replaced with monitoring of the automated functions. However, at the heart of human factors is the human in the air traffic control system and the interactions between human and system, not all the technological advances are suggested or advisable for human factors reasons. The solution is to bring the restoration to the controller of the central role in the system, with technology used to enhance the efficiency and satisfaction of that central role.

並列關鍵字

human factors ； air traffic controller