創傷後壓力症

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

陳美琴(Mei-Ching Chun)

《中華民國航空醫學會刊》 12卷1期 (1998/12) Pp. 3-8

https://doi.org/10.7011/TAMAROC.199812.0003

摘要

一般人的認知上，自然災難或犯罪暴力事件對受害者的傷害常以肢體身軀的傷害為首要考量。實際上，肉體上的傷害僅是受害者較為顯而易見的表徵，而其內心世界所受的創傷卻往往不為人知。除受害者本身之外，此類心理性創傷有時尚可影響到目睹事件經過的家屬或他人。戰爭中目睹殺戮實景的士兵、空難事件中的救難人員、或眼見暴力事件過程的個體，雖然不是事件的直接受害者，但卻均有可能罹患心理性的創傷，以致影響正常的生活作息或社交活動。此種傷害是由於個體的心靈與情緒上遭受巨大打擊所產生的結果。美國精神醫學會於1980正式將此類非常特殊的病症定名為：「創傷後壓力症」。其成因乃是由於個體經驗到或親眼目睹－或多種可能構成死亡或危及身體完整性的重大威脅事件。此種隱藏在個體深層內心的創傷，雖不易為人所察覺，但卻時時干擾著個體的行為表現，其臨床症兆包括惡夢、躁怒、驚慌、情緒麻痺與分離、沮喪、自殺傾向、睡眠失常、或注意力無法集中等等。更深一層地認識此類創傷將有助於醫護人員早期診斷個案並適時提供適當之醫療照護。

關鍵字

創傷後壓力症 ； 空難事件 ； 心理創傷

並列摘要

Traumatic experiences have long existed in human history. However, it was only in recent years, after the experiences of World War Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Vietnam war that due attention began to be given to these experiences. It has been called shell shock, battle fatigue, accident neurosis and post rape syndrome. The disorder is the injury that results from an overwhelming assault on the mind and emotions. Although it has very specific symptoms that form a definite psychological syndrome. it has often been misunderstoond or misdiagnosed. The disorder is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and was introduced into the American Psychiatric Association's official manual in 1980. The cause of PTSD is defined as an event or series of events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury or a threat to physical integrity of self or others.
PTSD affects hundreds of thousands of people who have been exposed to violent events such as war, natural disasters, accident, rape, domestic violence, child abuse and political torture. The symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder include nightmares and other forms of reexperiencing the traumatic event, avoidance of situations and activities that arouse memories of the event, emotional numbness and detachment, pessimism, hypervigilance, sleep disturbances, depression, impulse anger, jumpiness, suicide attempts, and difficulty in concentration. A deeper understanding of the psychological effects in those who have suffered such experiences will enhance the capacity of therapists to render more effective help to patients under their care.

並列關鍵字

post-traumatic stress disorder ； aircraft accident ； psychic trauma