如何衝破逆境、提升部屬復原力？國軍主管家長式領導的效果檢驗與未來時間觀的調節作用

復原力是軍人遂行作戰任務不可或缺的能力之一，美軍在實戰經驗中，亦強調復原力是協助個人戰場生存的關鍵。既有國內軍隊研究中，傾向將復原力視為調節因子，探討復原力在軍人工作表現的影響。然而，對於影響復原力的相關因素尚待釐清。本研究採用資源保存理論，探討主管家長式領導對基層軍官復原力的影響，並檢視未來時間觀在兩者之間的調節效果。本研究係採問卷調查法，以陸、海、空三軍之基層軍官為研究對象，區分兩個時間點施測，共蒐集304份有效資料。本研究結果顯示：（一）威權領導在區分專權領導與尚嚴領導的情況下，專權領導與復原力具顯著負向關聯，而尚嚴領導與復原力則無顯著關係；（二）主管仁慈領導與德行領導與基層軍官復原力具顯著正向影響；（三）未來時間觀在專權領導與復原力間具負向調節效果，而在仁慈領導與復原力間具正向調節效果，在德行領導與復原力間亦具正向調節效果。最後，根據結果進行討論，並提出實務與研究建議。

關鍵字

復原力；家長式領導；未來時間觀；基層軍官

並列摘要

The resilience of soldiers has always been one of the indispensable links in carrying out combat missions. In actual combat experience, the US military also emphasized that resilience is the key to the battlefield to survive. The existing studies of domestic military tend to regard resilience as a moderated factor, and discuss the impact of resilience on the performance of soldiers. The relevant factors that affect resilience have yet to be clarified. Therefore, the researchers want to take the primary military officer as an example to explore whether the paternalistic leadership (benevolent leadership, authoritarian leadership, and virtuous leadership) can affect their resilience and the moderation effect of the future time perspective between the two. Based on this, this research uses the questionnaire survey method, taking the primary military officers of Army, Navy and Air Force as the research object and is a two-time measurement with a total of 304 valid data and hierarchy regression analysis. The results of the study show that the average resilience score of primary military officers is higher than the median number, indicating that most primary military officers have resilience. In addition, the benevolent leadership and moral leadership have a significantly positive relation with the resilience of primary military officers. In the case of authoritarian leadership, juan-chiuan leadership has a significantly negative relation with resilience, while shang-yan leadership has no significant relation with resilience; and the future time perspective has a positive moderation effect between benevolent leadership and resilience. There is also a positive moderation effect between moral leadership and the resilience, while there is a negative moderation effect between the juan-chiuan leadership and the resilience. Finally, based on the results, this study responds to the status of primary military officers under the social situation of different paternalistic leadership, and the moderation results of the future time perspective between the two, providing practical and research suggestions.

並列關鍵字

Resilience ； Paternalistic Leadership ； Future Time Perspective ； Primary Military Officers

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