某醫學中心門診非胰島素依賴型糖尿病患者壓力感受與因應方式之探討

Stress Perception and Coping Methods of Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Patients at the Out-Patient Department of a Medical Center

蘇雅玲(Y.L. Su) ； 張媚(M. Chang) ； 陳月枝(Y.C. Chen)

《護理研究》 2卷1期 (1994/03) Pp. 29-40

https://doi.org/10.7081/NR.199403.0029

摘要

本研究目的在确認糖尿病患者於病程中所感受的壓力及其因應方式。針對某醫學中心99位無嚴重合并症及重大疾病的門診成年NIDDM患者采用自擬之結構性問卷進行調查，所得資料以變异數分析、皮爾森積差相關、因素分析、典型相關等統計分析。因素分析結果顯示病人所感受的威力可分為不确定感、生活型態改變、角色或社會改變、治療或檢查引起的壓力、生理壓力五個層面因應方式可分為疏离、針對問題解決、尋求社會支持、情緒化的反應、否認或逃避、聽其自然六種型態。最感困擾的前五項壓力以「不确定感」為主，依序為擔心嚴重的并發症、糠尿病無法根治、擔心病會遺傳給子女、擔心血糖變不好、不知以後病情會有甚麼變化。最常使用的前五項因應方式以「針對問題解決」為主，依序為按時來門診就醫、配合治療遵照醫護人員的指示去做、看開一點盡量往好的方面想、一步一步來完成設立的目標、接受生病的事實。此外，研究并發現性別、宗教信仰、患病期間、合并症、自覺血糖控制情形與壓力感受有顯著關聯；與因應方式的使用有顯著關聯的是性別、年齡、教育程度、患病期間。而壓力感受與因應方式亦有顯著關系，當「不确定感」、「生理壓力」二方面的壓力會高時，越常使用「否認或逃避」而越少使用「針對問題解決」之因應。

關鍵字

非胰島素依賴型糖尿病 ； 壓力 ； 因應

並列摘要

The purposes of this study were to identify perceived stress and coping methods of diabetic patients. From May to July 1991, 99 adult non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients at the outpatient department of a medical center were investigated with structured questionnaires. Results showed the most stressful items in descending order were ”worry about severe complications,” ”diabetes can't be cured,” ”worry about heredity,” ”worry about the blood sugar will get worse or too high”, and ”the prognosis of the disease is uncertain.” The most common coping methods in descending order were ”regular visit to the hospital,” ”compliance with diabetic treatment,” ”attempt to look on the bright side”, and ”accept the fact as it is.” Sex, preceived sugar control, duration and complications of diabetes were variables significantly associated with stress perception. Sex, age, education and duration of diabetes were significantly associated with coping patterns. Besides, the study found that the higher degree of uncertainty and physical stress were perceived, the more denial or avoidance coping patterns and the less problem-oriented coping pattern were used.

並列關鍵字

NIDDM ； stress ； coping