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生物技術在石油煉製之應用-生物脫硫技術

Biocatalytic Desulfurization of Petroleum Refining

摘要


燃料燃燒所產生的二氧化硫是造成空氣污染和酸雨的主因。環保相關法規要求降低成品油硫含量已是國際上必然之趨勢,突破傳統脫硫技術,本文介紹一種經濟、可行的生物技術來達成此目標。生物脫硫(Biocatalytic desulfurization,BDS)是利用微生物當作觸媒來進行催化脫硫反應。近年來,生物脫硫技術藉微生物改良篩選技術與生化基因工程之突破性發展,使生物觸媒(脫硫酵性desulfurization enzymes)的生產、活性和穩定性獲致重大的改良,預計本世紀初,此項技術將可正式工業化。生物脫硫技術具有1.常溫常壓下操作,設備投資、維修及操作費用低2.二氧化碳排改量及能量耗費低3.不會裂解及損失辛烷值4.脫硫過程中同時可獲得具經濟價值的磺酸鹽副產品等優點,因此在特定的應用領域中,生物脫硫技術比加氫脫硫技術更具有競爭力。未來,煉油廠可利用生物脫硫技術配合原有的加氫脫硫方式,藉由兩種技術互補之優勢,將可降低生產完全符合環保法規要求之低硫油品的生產成本。

並列摘要


Combustion of fossil fuels results in the production of toxic sulfur dioxides (SOx), causing serious air pollution problem and acid rain formation. To decrease SOx emission, the sulfur content in fossil fuels is strictly restricted by EPA regulation. Biocatalytic desulfurization (BDS) is a biological pathway-driven and enzymatic process that removes organically bound sulfur present in the fossil fuels. BDS process can be applied by coupling with the existing hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process. Then, the following advantages can be anticipated: 1) the capital and operating cost is greatly reduced due to mild operating conditions, 2) up to 70% lower CO2 emission is decreased and lower energy consumption for refining is achieved, 3) the octane value of product is improved, and 4) the by-products of sulfur-containing surfactants and sulfonates are obtained. Therefore, BDS process becomes competitive to the conventional HDS gradually.

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