綜論加強海事保全特別措施

The Perspectives Of The Special Measures To Enhance Maritime Security

黃余得(Y.D.Hwang) ； 陳獲祥(H.H. Chen) ； 鄧運連(Y.L. Teng)

《石油季刊》 39卷3期 (2003/09) Pp. 71-79

https://doi.org/10.30128/JP.200309.0008

摘要

2001年9月11日美國遭受恐佈攻擊後，國際海事組織（簡稱IMO）即開始積極思考如何強化全球海運基礎設施的弱點，以避免遭受攻擊，甚或船舶被劫成為攻擊性武器的可能性。首先IMO在2002年12月間加開「1974年國際海上人命安全（簡稱SOLAS公約」締約國會議，以便迅速將加強海事保全措施納入國際公約。會中採納修正SOLAS公約規定，以及新增國際船舶與港口設施保全章程（簡稱ISPS Code）等兩個決議案，並要求在規定最短時間內（即2004年7月1日起）開始實施。　
依規定500總噸及以上國際貨船，包含原油船、油品船、化學船、液化氣體船、移動式海域鑽井平臺（MODU）等均需符合要求；而除服務國際貨船的港口設施外，對固定及浮動平臺、浮式採油貯油及卸油裝置（FPSO）、浮式貯油裝置（FSU）、甚至單浮筒繫泊（SMB）等亦有規範。　
本文旨在以政府、船公司、港口設施、以及認可保全機構（RSO）等各種角色來說明SOLAS公約加強海事保全措施的主要內容，使業者有完整的輪廓；另提供建言，以便在計劃實施時，作為參考。

關鍵字

ISPS章程 ； 港口設施 ； 保全聲明 ； 公司保全員 ； 船舶保全員 ； 船舶保全計畫 ； 港口設施保全員 ； 港口設施保全計畫 ； 認可保全機構

並列摘要

Following the terrorist attack of 11th September 2001 on the United States, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) started to actively think about appropriate measures to strengthen the world-wide shipping infrastructure in order to prevent a recurrence of such unlawful acts or to avoid the possibility of ships’ becoming weapons of destruction as a result of hijacking. First of all, the IMO held a Conference of Contracting Governments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS) in December 2002 to facilitate the early incorporation of the security measures into the international convention. The Conference adopted, among other things, the following two resolutions: The amendment to the SOLAS Convention, and the adoption of the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code). It also requested that such resolutions should be implemented within the period stipulated (from July 1, 2004).
According to the regulations, cargo ships of 500 GT and upwards, including crude oil tankers, product tankers, chemical tankers, liquefied gas tankers and mobile offshore drilling units (MODU), shall fully comply with the requirements. In addition to port facilities serving ships engaged on international voyages, fixed and floating platforms, floating production, storage, and offloading units (FPSO), floating storage units (FSU), and even single buoy moorings (SBM) are regulated.
The purpose of this article is to explain the main contents of the special measures to enhance maritime security covered by SOLAS from the perspectives of governments, shipping companies, port facilities as well as RSOs so that the shipping industry may have a full understanding of the entire picture. We also offer recommendations for reference in the implementation of the security plan.

並列關鍵字

ISPS Code ； Port facility ； DOS ； CSO ； SSO ； SSP ； PFSO ； PFSP ； RSO