轉化生質油生產燃料及石化原料可行性研究

Evaluate the Manufacture of Fuels and Petrochemical from Catalytic Cracking of Bio-mass Oil

康文成(Wen-Cheng Kang) ； 魏國銘(Kuo-Min Wei) ； 邱虹梓(Hung-Tzu Chiu) ； 施呈杰(Cheng-Chieh Shih) ； 洪正宗(Cheng-Tsung Hong) ； 沈宏俊(Hung-Chung Shen)

《石油季刊》 43卷2期 (2007/06) Pp. 23-34

https://doi.org/10.30128/JP.200706.0003

摘要

由於環保CO2減量及能源短缺問題，使經由轉酯化將生質油轉化為生質柴油成為當前最熱門的研究議題之一。本研究則探討利用現有煉油技術流體化觸媒裂解，將生質油直接裂解生產汽柴油及石化原料，評估經濟可行性。測試的植物油有沙拉油、棕櫚油（含軟棕及硬棕）、椰子油及餐廳回收油，並與煉油廠實際HT-VGO進料油，在相同的測試條件下，在實臉室進行反應測試及經濟評估。結果顯示棕櫚油（含軟棕及硬棕）、椰子油產值相近，沙拉油、賽廳回收油產值略低，但還是以HT-VGO的產值最高（原因在植物油約含10.5wt%氣）。而回收油最便宜，觸媒轉化經濟效益最高，唯必須了解回收油市場。植物油中以棕櫚油價格最低，在棕櫚油與原油價格差距大時，棕櫚油是有機會取代一部份的HT-VGO成為媒裂工場的進料油。因此本實臉再使用(90% HT-VGO+10% Palm Oil)進料進行測試，所得粗毛利與使用HT-VGO進料相同，令人意外。在實際媒裂工場是否有相同功效尚待證實。若能比照轉酯化生質柴油，取得政府補貼或稅額優惠，將有極大競爭力。

關鍵字

棕櫚油 ； 生質柴油 ； 觸媒裂解 ； 轉酯化

並列摘要

Biodiesel produced by the transesterification of vegetable oil, animal oil or their waste oils has become one of the popular research topics due to the limited source of fossil fuels and the reduction of CO2 emission. However, high operation cost of the transesterification process renders the resulting biodiesel unable to compete with fossil fuels. The objective of this study was to investigate biodiesel production by catalytic cracking biomass oils in FCC process without significant problems. Experiments were carried out with seven different oils as feedstock of ACE unit: soybean oil, palm oil, palm olein oil, palm stearin oil, coconut oil, used cooking oil and refinery HT-VGO. The evaluation and comparison of their economic production were also conducted in this research. Experimental results have shown that catalytic cracking of HT-VGO has the largest product value since the remarkable oxygen content of 10.5wt% in biomass oils results in low-value products. The similar valuable products were obtained by catalytically cracking palm oil, palm olein oil, palm stearin oil and coconut oil. Soybean oil and used cooking oil generated the lowest product value. The use of wasted cooking oil as feedstock in FCC process gained the highest profit due to its relatively low price. Adding biomass oils into feedstock of FCC process can only be economically attractive when the price of fossil oil increases substantially. It was showed that the addition of 10% palm oil in HT-VGO provides the economic profit as high as 100% HT-VGO. This economic analysis suggested that utilization of palm oil and fossil oil blends as feedstock for FCC commercial unit is a promising alternative to biodiesel production and needs more extensive study in the future.

並列關鍵字

Palm oil ； Catalytic Cracking ； Biodiesel ； Transesterification