儲氫技術現況及其面臨問題

Hydrogen Storage Status and Common Technical Hurdles for Developing Hydrogen Economy

顏子翔(Tzu-Hsiang Yen) ； 張志成(June-Cheng Chang) ； 陳寶東(Bao-Dong Chen)

《石油季刊》 46卷2期 (2010/06) Pp. 53-61

https://doi.org/10.30128/JP.201006.0005

摘要

全球暖化為21世紀人類主要且急需解決的問題，燃燒化石燃料所排放出的二氧化碳則是造成溫室效應的主因，全球暖化導致地球環境與生態的改變，所造成的氣候變遷與各種天然災害嚴重威脅人類文明的持續發展。另一方面，根據現有化石能源的估算與推測，石油與天然氣將在21世紀內被開採殆盡，儘管眾專家學者們仍在激烈地爭論石油枯竭的時間，不過可以確認的是化石燃料不久即將耗盡，燃料短缺將使全球出現能源危機，而氫能正是一種值得期待的新型二次能源。氫氣儲存問題一直是氫能應用的技術瓶頸之一，目前儲氫技術有(1)高壓氫氣儲存(2)液態氫儲存(3)金屬氫化物儲存(4)化學氫化物儲存(5)活性炭與金屬有機物框架吸附儲存等方法，不過目前均無法符合美國能源總署對以氫能源替代目前車用燃油訂定了發展的中長期目標，本文就主要儲氫方法其發展現況與面臨問題作一討論。

關鍵字

儲氫 ； 高壓氫氣儲存 ； 液態氫儲存 ； 金屬氫化物儲存 ； 化學氫化物儲存 ； 活性炭吸附儲存

並列摘要

The energy supply to the humankind in the last two centuries was solely based on fossil fuels such as coal in the 19th century and crude oil and natural gas in the 20th century. Unfortunately, this fossil fuel-based economy has led us to face the situation such as global warning, climate changing and exhausted resources. The hydrogen economy offers a potential solution to satisfy the global energy requirements while reducing greenhouse emissions and improving energy security. Hydrogen storage is definitely one of the key challenges in developing hydrogen economy. Hydrogen can be stored as (1) pressurized gas, (2) cryogenic liquid, (3) metal hydride, (4) chemical hydride, and (5) carbon-based material. Each of these approaches possesses attractive attributes for hydrogen storage. However, in the case of on-board vehicular hydrogen, no approach currently exists that can meet the target which was set by US DOE (before the 4th revised). Further research is needed to develop materials satisfying the needs for technical applications.

並列關鍵字

Hydrogen Storage ； Compressed Hydrogen Tanks ； Liquid Hydrogen Tank ； Metal Hydrides ； Chemical Hydrides ； Carbon-based Material