- 期刊
全球限用或禁用塑膠政策與產業因應對策
Global Restrictions or Bans on Plastic Policies and Industrial Countermeasures
摘要
塑膠為人類的生活帶來很大的便利性，但隨著人類的生活方式改變，塑膠使用量持續成長，塑膠垃圾因而日益增加。為了解決及降低塑膠垃圾對環境所造成的負擔，臺灣及各國政府陸續提出限制塑膠使用之相關政策，期望藉由政策的各項規範，進一步有效地降低塑膠使用量。此政策對我國塑膠產業之未來發展，必然產生一定程度的影響。全球工業產品有90%以上是以石油為原料，由於全球暖化及溫室效應所導致極端氣候災害及全球石油資源過度消耗等問題，石化產業轉型成為當務之急，綠色商品採購已成為趨勢，減碳產品更是未來的潮流。歐美日等先進國家已積極進行生質材料之技術研究與配套推動政策，在美國更制定生質塑膠使用計畫。早期生質塑膠主要以生物可分解性為主流，而隨著消費者環保意識高漲，目前已從生物可分解性材料擴大為生物基材料。生質塑膠應用於工業產品，從最早期的包裝材料，發展至今則擴大至化妝品盒、DVD盒、3C產品、汽車內裝及醫療用品等應用範圍。本文首先介紹全球塑膠污染的概況，其次闡述塑料廢物的生產、使用和壽命，以及各國限塑／禁塑政策與各大企業的因應對策，最後探討塑膠全循環以創造綠色契機。在循環經濟的全球風潮下，「塑膠綠金」的開拓將能為我國產業保有國際競爭力，以面對產業轉型的挑戰並創造新經濟體系的發展機會與生存空間。
並列摘要
Plastic has brought great convenience to human life, but with the change of human life style, the amount of plastic used continues to grow, and plastic waste is increasing. In order to solve and reduce the burden of plastic waste on the environment, the governments of Taiwan and other countries have successively proposed related policies to restrict the use of plastics, hoping to further effectively reduce the use of plastics through various regulations of the policies. This policy will inevitably have a certain degree of influence on the future development of my country's plastics industry. More than 90% of global industrial products are made of petroleum. Due to the extreme climate disasters caused by global warming and the greenhouse effect and excessive consumption of global petroleum resources, the transformation of the petrochemical industry has become a top priority. Green product procurement has become a trend, and carbon-reducing products It is the trend of the future. Advanced countries such as Europe, the United States and Japan have actively carried out technical research and supporting policies for biomaterials, and formulated bioplastics use plans in the United States. In the early days of bioplastics, biodegradability was the mainstream. With the rising environmental awareness of consumers, it has now expanded from biodegradable materials to bio-based materials. Bioplastics are used in industrial products. From the earliest packaging materials, it has expanded to the application range of cosmetic boxes, DVD boxes, 3C products, automobile interiors and medical supplies. This article first introduces the general situation of global plastic pollution. Secondly, it explains the production, use and life of plastic waste, as well as the plastic restriction/ban policy of various countries and the countermeasures of major companies. Finally, it discusses the full cycle of plastics to create green opportunities. Under the global trend of circular economy, the development of ＂plastic green gold＂ will be able to maintain international competitiveness for my country's industry to face the challenges of industrial transformation and create development opportunities and living space for the new economic system.