淨零碳排下石油公司轉型的發展方向與策略

2021年聯合國氣候峰會（COP26）召開之後，碳中和正式進入全球化承諾的時代，全球應將氣溫上升限制在攝氏1.5度之內，否則地球將面臨無可逆轉的悲劇；而要達成碳中和的目標，未來10年將是關鍵時期，各國應在2030年減碳45％。為此，我國政府已成立淨零排放路徑評估工作小組，決議將重新檢討原訂2030年之減碳目標，並將於2022年底前完成長期策略綜合評估報告。實現碳中和目標對能源產業是一次徹底的革命，加快調整生產方式、減少碳排放，已成為大型石油公司的共識。在此背景下，越來越多的石油公司制定了碳中和戰略路徑，尤其是在碳中和戰略佈局方面處於全球領先地位的石油公司，如Shell、Bp、Total等，都提出了分階段實現淨零碳排放的策略路徑，建立了碳排放指標體系，以及應對氣候變化、實現碳中和目標的行動方案。本報告首先闡述COP26氣候峰會達成對全球能源轉型要加快推動、要增速邁向淨零碳排及削減煤炭使用的共識，其次探討在碳中和制約下國際大石油公司擬轉型為以新及再生能源為主之綜合性能源公司，所提出之各種策略與減排行動方案，以確保到2050年實現淨零的機會。最後綜整臺灣兩大石油公司的淨零碳排策略與轉型之道，建議政府應採取更積極的行動推動臺灣能源轉型，建立明確量化的關鍵指標、可操作的具體行動方案，以確保碳中和策略的順利實施。

關鍵字

碳中和； 2050淨零排放；能源轉型；再生能源；氫能

並列摘要

After the United Nations Climate Summit (COP26) is held in 2021, carbon neutrality has officially entered the era of globalization commitments. The world should limit the temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius, otherwise the earth will face an irreversible tragedy; and to achieve carbon neutrality The goal of peace, the next 10 years will be a critical period, and countries should reduce carbon by 45% by 2030. To this end, the Chinese government has established a net-zero emission path assessment working group, which has decided to review the original carbon reduction target for 2030 and complete a comprehensive long-term strategy assessment report before the end of 2022. Achieving the goal of carbon neutrality is a complete revolution for the energy industry. Accelerating the adjustment of production methods and reducing carbon emissions have become the consensus of large oil companies. In this context, more and more oil companies have formulated a carbon neutral strategic path, especially those oil companies that are in a leading position in the carbon neutral strategic layout, such as Shell, Bp, Total, etc., have proposed a phased approach. The strategic path to achieve net zero carbon emissions has established a carbon emission indicator system, as well as action plans to address climate change and achieve carbon neutrality goals. This report first elaborates that the COP26 climate summit reached a consensus on the need to accelerate the global energy transition, and also to increase the speed toward net zero carbon emissions and reduce coal use. Secondly, it discusses the proposed transformation of major international oil companies under the constraints of carbon neutrality. And comprehensive energy companies mainly engaged in renewable energy have put forward various strategies and emission reduction action plans to ensure the chance of achieving net zero by 2050. Finally, the two major oil companies in Taiwan's net-zero carbon emission strategy and transformation methods are reviewed. It is recommended that the government should take more active actions to promote Taiwan's energy transition, establish clear and quantitative key indicators, and specific action plans to ensure carbon neutrality. And the smooth implementation of the strategy.