- 期刊
彩色地圖跨媒體色外貌模式比較之研究
The Study to Analyze the Cross-Media Color Appearance Models of Color Maps
摘要
本研究的目的乃比較不同的色外貌模式，何者可精確的在暗室中完成複製地圖及原搞地圖間的色彩訊號傳遞工作，其中選用了CIELAB、von Kries、LLAB、ZLAB、ClECAM97s等五種色外貌模式於四種不同的觀測條件環境中進行實驗，利用比較判斷法定律及等級判斷法分析視覺評比資料，並獲得以下結論： 1.CIELAB色彩空間僅考慮參考白改變對色彩外貌影響一項因子，故在跨媒體觀測環境參考白點差異不大且接近平均日光照明時（第一觀測環境），其色彩複製品質才可保持一定的水準。 2.von Kries色適應轉換模式將色彩XYZ三刺激值轉換至人眼錐狀細胞感應值精確模擬人類視覺系統生理現象，因此在跨媒體觀測環境參考白點差異不大時（第一觀測環境），其色彩複製品質相當好。 3.ZLAB及LLAB色外貌模式的色彩複製品質一致，這兩種模式對於色彩外貌的預測除了考慮參考白變化及色適應轉換等因素外，對於觀測背景色度及亮度、觀測環境色度及亮度的影響亦有所考量，在跨媒體第一、二觀測環境下，兩者的色彩複製品質均令人滿意。 4.CIECAM97s色外貌模式對色彩外貌的預測，除了考慮參考白變化、色適應轉換、觀測背景色度及亮度、觀測環境色度及亮度等影響因素外，更加強了人類視覺經亮度適應後產生色感覺改變這種生理現象的控制，且其對立色彩屬性及色彩明度的計算完全依據人類色彩視覺中非色彩訊號及基本色差訊號產生色彩感覺的生理現象發展，故CLECAM97s色外貌模式在四種觀測環境下由等級判斷法分析均維持最好的色彩複製品質，使用配對比較法分析選用實驗的五種模式，其排名亦均爲最高。因此在跨媒體色彩資訊傳遞或在多變的觀測色彩環境下，利用CIECAM97s色外貌模式來控制設備、觀察者及觀測環境對色彩的影響，乃最佳選擇，尤其在參考白點差異較大的跨媒體觀測環境下（第三、四觀測環境）唯有使用CIECAM97s色外貌模式才可獲得令人滿意的色彩複製品質。
並列摘要
CIE XYZ tristimulus values specify color matches between two stimuli evaluated in identical viewing conditions by an average observer. Color appearance models extend tristimulus values by performing transformations on them based on additional information about the state of chromatic adaptation, mode of viewing, luminance level, background, surround, etc. A color appearance model allows a stimulus, in given viewing conditions, to be numerically described with correlates of perceptual attributes such as brightness, lightness, colorfulness, chroma, and hue. In cross-media color reproduction applications, color matches must be made across changes in illumination level and color, white point, surround, viewing mode, as well as other features of the viewing environment and maps. Thus, tristimulus matches cease to be appearance matches and color appearance models (or at least portions thereof) are required. So color appearance models are simultaneously a topic of much recent research and a key link in the chain of electronic map color management systems. The goal of this study is the evaluation of various color models for achieving accurate color rendition between a self-luminous reproduced color (softcopy) and a original surface color (hardcopy) in a darkened room under dim surround. The color appearance models tested were CIELAB. von Kries, LLAB, ZLAB and CIECAM97s models. The whole experiment was divided into 4 phases. The laws of both comparative judgement and category judgement were applied to analyze the visual data, this critical issue concludes as followed. 1. If a white point change is necessary, CIELAB can be used as a reasonable first-order approximation of an appearance model. 2. If CIELAB is found to be inadequate, it can be enhanced by using a von Kries chromatic adaptation transform (on cone responses) to a reference viewing condition. 3. If a more flexible adaptation model is required (e.g. hard-copy to soft-copy changes) and/or there are surround changes, then the LLAB and ZLAB models can be used without too much added complexity. 4. Lastly, if a full range of appearance phenomena and wide range of viewing conditions (e.g. very high or low luminances) must be addressed, then the CIECAM97s model should be used. The CIECAM97s model should be used if brightness and colorfulness predictors are required.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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