都市貧窮地區的區化與度量

當代地理學中的量化研究，源自1960年代開始的計量連動，雖然作為一門新的方法論學科，其發展的歷史並不算長，但是在地理資訊系統和高解析度遙測影像的相互配合下，激發了新的定量化技術，並革新了地理學的傳統研究方法，因此對地圖學和空間計量方法上，都產生了驚人的影響力。本研究將高解析度遙測影像向量化後，都市地景轉變成遙測下的屋頂群聚排列，透過計算街廓範圍內相鄰屋頂多邊形主軸的角度變化，可以度量每一個街廓，房屋排列的整齊程度。本研究利用房屋排列地景指數(Roof top Lands cape Pattern Index; RLPI)，對宜蘭縣羅東鎮進行案例分析，結果顯示地景環境整齊的新興高級住宅區街廓之RLPI值遠低於其他街廓；都市中老舊零亂社區街廓的RLPI值，也遠高於其他地區。因此，本研究驗證了以高解析度遙測影像為基礎資料的地景度量方式，可以有效的做為都市貧窮地區(Urban Poverty)的區化與度量指標。

關鍵字

都市地景；遙測屋頂型態；房屋排列地景指數；都市貧窮地區

並列摘要

The quantitative research of geography originated from the measuring movement that began in the 1960's. Although it is a new methodology and its development history is relatively short, a new quantification technology has been developed under the integration of the geographic information system and high-resolution remote sensing image. The new method is a great improvement of the traditional geographical research method, hence has exerted significant influence on cartography and space measuring method. This study vectorized the high-resolution remote sensing image, and converted the urban landscape into telemetered rooftop clustering arrangement. The orderliness of building arrangement in each block was measured by calculating the angular change in the polygonal principal axes of adjacent rooftops in the block. This study applied the Rooftop Landscape Pattern Index (RLPI) for case analysis of Luodong Township, Yilan County. The results showed that the RLPI value of blocks in new residential districts that have orderly landscape is much lower than that of other blocks; and the RLPI value of blocks in old and disorderly residential districts is much higher than that of other blocks. Therefore, this study proved that the landscape measuring method using high-resolution remote images as basic data can be used as the regionalization and measurement indexes of urban poverty effectively.