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隧道鑽掘機(TBM)鑽掘效率與地質關連性之探討

The Relationship between Boring Efficiency and Engineering Geology on TBM Tunnelling

摘要


鑑於世界各國對於隧道設計有朝大斷面、大型化之趨勢,開挖機具設備亦隨之發展,而全斷面隧道鑽掘機(TBM)具有快速、擾動小及連續作業之優點,廣為歐美各國所使用。國內為提升隧道之施工技術,在北宜高工程坪林隧道與士林水力工程頭水隧道,均採用TBM工法開挖。本文以工程地質的角度,藉由TBM鑽掘進度的量化,探討國內外TBM施工案例之鑽掘實績與其隧道地質之關連性,經分析比較結果為:北宜高坪林隧道導坑TBM實際鑽掘時間僅佔一成左右,在利用率偏低且缺乏鑽掘實績資料下,實不易比對出不同岩性與TBM掘進的關連性。士林水力工程頭水隧道貫入率隨岩體分類之良窳而漸次降低(2.5~1.9 m/hr),機具利用率亦由四成以上降至三成左右。至於國外案例—藍山隧道之貫入率介於3.0~4.0 m/hr之間,且該工程施工管理完善,使得整體機具利用率高達五成為其特色。初步認為TBM鑽掘效率與岩性強度、硬度關係並不顯著,或可作為爾後國內類似隧道TBM設計與施工之參考。

並列摘要


There are many advantages of tunnel excavation with the tunnel boring machine (TBM), such as high penetration rate, lower disturbance, continuous operation, and less loosening of surrounding rocks. Until now two tunnels were excavated by the TBM in Taiwan. One is the Pinglin Pilot (PP) tunnel with a diameter of 4.8 m and a length of 12.9 km, and the other is called the Shihlin Headrace (SH) tunnel with a diameter of 4.53 m and a length of 5.5 km. This paper presents an evaluation system to show the relationship between the TBM performance, such as penetration rate, utilization rate as well as advance rate, and the geological conditions, i.e. rock strength, geological formation, total hardness, and rock mass rating (RMR).

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