隧道鑽掘機於湧水不良地質開挖災變處理案例探討

Case Study on Groundwater and Geological Hazards Treatment in TBM Tunnelling

李慶龍(C. L. Lee)

《地工技術》 84期 (2001/04) Pp. 77-86

https://doi.org/10.30140/SG.200104.0004

摘要

隧道鑽掘機（Tunnel Boring Machine，簡稱TBM）係一連續鑽掘、出碴及支撐之自動化岩盤隧道開挖機具，其施工快速、岩盤擾動低、支撐少、安全性高且對環境衝擊少，在國外使用於隧道開挖已行之有年，但國內施工案例仍有限。雖然TBM施工具前述多項優點，但如遭遇湧水破碎地質，難免須停機預先處理，以順利通過，但因受阻於TBM機具，施工處理彈性較少，尤其如抽坍受夾，則脫困處理不但困難且費時，影響成本及工進至鉅。本文簡要介紹與探討國內外TBM開挖災變處理案例，俾供爾後國內隧道工程於不良地質之TBM設計及施工參考，進而有助於TBM施工技術提昇與推廣。

關鍵字

湧水 ； 地質災變 ； 破碎帶 ； 抽坍 ； 灌漿管幕工法 ； 迂迴坑 ； 頂導坑 ； 斷層帶

並列摘要

TBM is an automatic rock excavation machine with continuous excavating, mucking and supporting. It works fast, disturbs low, support less, much safer and environmental impact low. It has been used worldwide for years. But the case is not many in Taiwan. Although there are so many advantages for TBM tunnelling, but under encountering bad geology, it may be shut down machine and pretreatment for smooth progressing. If the geological hazards happen, such as cave-in problem may stuck or damage to the machine, it always takes lots of time and money for remedial measures and restoration. This article briefly introduce some groundwater and geological hazards of TBM tunnelling in the world. To provide a reference of both design and construction of TBM tunnelling, may improve TBM tunnelling promotion.

並列關鍵字

gushing groundwater ； geological hazard ； fracture zone ； cave-in ； grouting pipe roofing method ； by-pass adit ； top heading ； fault zone